Topic Test Revision

Question 1

State the equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 1

Glucose +oxygen> carbon dioxide+water+energy

Question 2

State the equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

Glucose>lactic acid+energy(ATP)

Question 3

How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange

Answer 3

Large surface area- more area for gases to diffuse
Thin wall (one cell thick) shorter diffusion pathway
Close efficient blood supply maintains a concentration gradient
Moist surface

Question 4

Describe the purpose of the respiratory system

Answer 4

To obtain (get oxygen from air and to expel (get rid of) carbon dioxide from the body

Question 5

What is the percentage of gases in inspired vs expired air

Answer 5

Expired
O2-16% N2-79% CO2-4% water-10%
Inspired
O2- 21% CO2- 0.04% N2-79% water- varies

Question 6

Describe what happens during inhalation(breathing in)

Answer 6

1. Diaphragm contrast and flattens
2. Intercostal muscles contract forcing ribs to move up and out of
   3.lung volume to increase
3. Pressure decreases
   5.air is drawn in

Question 7

Describe what happens during exhalation( breathing out

Answer 7

1.diaphragm relaxes and domes
2.intercostal muscles relax causing ribs to move down and in
3. Lung volume decreases
4.pressure increases
5.air is forced out

Question 8

Describe the passage of air flow after entering the mouth/ nasal cavity

Answer 8

Nasal cavity/ mouth> trachea> bronchi> bronchiole> alveoli

Question 9

Describe and state the 4 limitations of the bell jar model

Answer 9

1.Glass tube/trachea- glass is ridged and inflexible unlike the cartilage bound trachea
2. Bell jar/ chest cavity-unable to move the ribs can move up and out to increase the volume of the thorax
3.ballons/ lungs- the Ballons are large open space whereas the lungs are made up of millions of individual elastic alveoli
4.rubber sheet/diaphragm-the diaphragm only flattens it is not pulled down wards like the rubber sheet.

Question 10

Explain the importance of cillia in cleaning mechanism of the lungs and the impact of smoking

Answer 10

Cillis Beat to move mucus (trapping dirt and dust up to the throat, away from the lungs) smoking paralyses the cilia (prevents them from moving)

Question 11

Describe emphysema and the causes/symptoms

Answer 11

Lungs disease (damage to alveoli and reduces surface area for gas exchange) caused by smoking/air pollution symptoms:shortness of breath/ wheezing/ increasing breathing rate.

Question 12

Why is respiration not “breathing in and out”

Answer 12

Respiration is a chemical process taking place in the mitochondria. Which releases energy in the form of ATP. Inhalation/ exhalation are a result of the mechanics of breathing for gas exchange

Question 13

What is respiration

Answer 13

Respiration is chemical reaction that releases energy

Question 14

What is respiration used for in organisms

Answer 14

Maintaining body temp
Growth and repair
Movement
Building new molecules

Question 15

What is the difference between the terms aerobic and anaerobic?

Answer 15

1.Anaerobic is without oxygen and aerobic is with oxygen, aerobic give more energy, 2.aerobic fully break down glucose however anaerobic doesn’t, 3.aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water anaerobic produces lactic acid

Question 16

Which process provides more energy aerobic and anaerobic and how much

Answer 16

Aerobic respiration releases 38 ATP
Anaerobic respiration releases 2ATP

Question 17

What is oxygen debt

Answer 17

Oxygen debt is the minimum amount of oxygen required to break down lactic acid

Question 18

Why is respiration not breathing

Answer 18

It is not breathing because respiration is a chemical process and releases energy (ATP) and happens in the mitochondria

Question 19

Why does anaerobic not fully break down glucose and aerobic does

Answer 19

Anaerobic respiration incompletely breaks down glucose because it has less energy than aerobic, aerobic fully breaks down glucose because it has more energy

Question 20

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 20

Breath in oxygen and release co2

Question 21

What is the function of the nose

Answer 21

Allows us to breath in and breath out co2

Question 22

What is the function of the trachea

Answer 22

The function of the trachea connects the largnx to the lungs allowing the passage of air. Allowing the passage of air. Surrounding by cartilage which keeps the trachea open

Question 23

What is the function of the epiglottis

Answer 23

Muscle that covers the trachea to stop the food from going into it

Question 24

What is the function of the bronchioles

Answer 24

The small airways of the lung. Extending from the bronchi to the alveoli

Question 25

What is the function of the lungs

Answer 25

This is where has exchange takes place

Question 26

What is the function of the alveoli

Answer 26

Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood. Carbon dioxide moves from cells into the capillaries

Question 27

What is the function of the diaphragm

Answer 27

Breathing in the diaphragm moves downwards causing lungs to expand

Question 28

How does far effect the body

Answer 28

Causes cancer of the lungs, mouth and throat it coats the surface of the breathing tubers and the alveoli.

Question 29

How does carbon monoxide affect the body

Answer 29

Combined with haemoglobin in red blood cells-reducing there capacity of Carry oxygen

Question 30

How does nicotine affect the body

Answer 30

Highly addictive drug also increases your heart rate and blood pressure

Question 31

What are the effects of smoking

Answer 31

Cancer, bronchitis, smokers cough,

Question 32

What effects does cancer cause because of smoking

Answer 32

Causes mutations to DNA and rapid cell division leading to Tumor growth

Question 33

What effects does bronchitis have because of smoking

Answer 33

Mucus traps dirt and bacteria. Cilia hairs become paralysed and are unable to move mucus along. More likely to get bronchitis

Question 34

What is the most common cause of emphysema

Answer 34

Smoking

Question 35

What does emphysema do

Answer 35

Emphysema damages the alveoli in the lungs