Topic One: Our Solar System Flashcards by Sophie Singer

What are the Poles?

the points that the axis of rotation of the Earth passes through

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What is the Equator?

a circle around the middle of the Earth at equal distances from each pole.

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What is a Zenith?

the point directly above you in the sky

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Who first measured the Earth’s circumference accurately?

Eratosthenes

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What shape is the Earth?

An Oblate Spheroid

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How long is a sidereal day?

23 hours and 56 minutes

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What is a sidereal day?

How long the Earth takes to rotate on its axis.

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What is the Horizon?

an imaginary line where the land meets the sky

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What is latitude?

the angle of a location North or South of the equator

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What is the Meridian?

an imaginary circle that passes through both poles. The prime meridian goes through Greenwich

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What is Longitude?

the angle of a location East or West of the prime meridian

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Why is the sky blue?

The sky is blue because blue light from the Sun is scattered more than bigger wavelengths so appears to come from all directions

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What is the atmosphere made up of?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Argon and Water Vapour.

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What waves can pass through the atmosphere?

Visible light, microwaves and some radio waves.

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What rays are absorbed the atmosphere?

Infra red, ultra violet and x-rays

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What is the difference between a refracting telescope and a reflecting telescope?

A refracting telescope uses lenses to produce a magnified image yet a reflecting telescope uses a large mirror.

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What is the moon’s diameter?

3,500km

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How far is the moon from the Earth?

380,000km

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How long is the moon’s rotational period?

27.3 days

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How long is the moon’s orbital period?

27.3 days

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Why does the moon have virtually no atmosphere?

Not enough gravity to keep one.

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Why do we only see one side of the moon?

Because the moon’s orbital and rotational periods are the same in length

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http://b2l2.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/sea-of-tranquility.jpg

What part of the moon is this?

Sea of Tranquillity

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http://www.lunarregistry.com/moonshots/storms_th.jpg

What part of the moon is this?

Ocean of Storms

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http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_YoCIFkM3GQ8/TDIXG_oz7mI/AAAAAAAAIpg/Fs0zuNS6weQ/s400/VMA-Crisium-150.jpg What part of the moon is this?

Sea of crises

What are these? https://nightinfocus.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/120107_3craters.jpg

The moon's craters.

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BOYgHaaCtdbYtrZtFX6m7Z4eMsNekdi5H/eaoYnEEz4SjjdzdGgu56yMsWXSDdER2TbCagOfZEkmk+jOH6niBw6IpRbl9xtFslHVDO86AqA7gm4Cc0x1RuEm4JudvbEui5EcgwLHGJPhgI+B4Y2dLXRpd06wj3luOqF1Y5DMAFAOYCinnulNU4XUYKiYByJ5xv5YmIrG3cNzss8aiArmC3aCCDA3kr8u8zXzoy3ptKY0ltMAatIJZeznbCjJ3LNyIFBb9FXBcQmcyTvtB077Ttt3iprVloz9e7Y/QVhwvBBcIoHfgDbyGecedTXXcbjJG0c/Cg0b1vj/qq8eWq1/nX5154r0N64FI6LvCfetyOROtc52/38a880GVq2WIUbkgDzNde6e4cdXCgQoA+WPyrk/R39Lb/rr+IrrfTDzaaOZz5jmfnQamYrKxGoVDzoDZoL+7cQ28eVR8NI5/DwqtW9OPjTNl/n9/KguP1g6AqDjyqsbipMVInEAwD9ml3smTFAstzU5xirlbKxgTik7PBappnhuHYN3D7+dB9foqSMb+NMHgtKwfvnVnbQDPdmsuLIeMfcUGk8XZ7ZqIr8qv8Aj+jWbIAwB/Ll5VVXeHKmCIoFltGrLgAYgQCMye/7FN/qwFFz2yJP1pS+ujs799Bb2OJW4IMahX2SHUDYk+Hd+Ga11WIaVwauuFcmJ2jfxNBz70us6OMvDxB/xAH86p6vPTOP0pu+FnM5gD8IqjoCvRHqo/7Jsf3vz6y5XnevRHqpWeiLEY7VyT/eXMfWguukhGk+8CCvnhfPw8iaS4hTdUKQMaSSNpEc9x2vw+NW3SiKQCRlR2fDfb750iEzg5MEkbyMc8b558qCr6M4llbUZIuagQDkHUbRK92lwQRkQZgZBbHEhOwWlxCdiQQ8zK8wQrNAz7RI8ciBIWDAkzjBaSzAneee0gxICxS/BZtjQQqLrZliJGTIJzrDZJPJdMQQyhhYdhcQIo60B3CcmRUKkAmdI7RUHwU+81T8VxV2F6tkWQ2VUkswR0XESTr04OwSdziO8txTzU3DjU3ssdOGn2gTJIBEkEgFohzh7zEIxBidLaiJlk09qBvIk7bL40GN4DZbjicT7XJgwHOMHHIZ2qNOHcpIk6CFUlNxg40mYGkjUczt30zZtsxhCNQAmVjtCBJBxFS8DcOIwxlRDEdpTn+LkJAnLc4mgr+JOpio7TAaj1bQYkhdU49rYH6jVNmt7PMkQIEYkEwdiAoETz0ivlmy6y4gdaQswCYIJAUcjGZliRBkAYmuWwXCqNJCkM0Syzp7JjfUxERuVPdkIeGY3GFxiOrMaOQYMuvUSdx7MfHxqu6Y4brOJNm6dSdWugsxJVpJYjSAAx7AkkkQ/Idqd3QzpggQ5IJI0IAumTCr2leIx2CDFQ9BWblr+lJctxAbW5PYthAqgDd9DEAKcAFmzgUFhwqaitzT+1JKnkxALamE8xJaZz4b190OpCgwsjWcQVUnHeDERnn/AAwWeA4hTegrAIOl5HYYwChnMwQqkby85qe4kElwGB7IXvIkD/lnE99Avw3DrKXBhWURqgxdkQGGxOqV1eA86yvsTcCkwVyybjMCVOJUeUj4RQwXkVYCbkRGokxrAB9kkAg5xnYzUXAPN0kmRn4bbHc4PwwKC+4M5eTOFHLnuJ+A+dZ3LWpgJMgH54ilOG0hrh8mPyj8vrTdhAQs3CT3wATz2jFBzr1zNHRt1SDM2oMY9sEz47V55r0t68FX9VXiBkNbn/zFrzTQSWLullbfSQfkZrsfEWSXWD2CrT8QCMGuMV2HoHies4WzcxJQD4r2T9QaDWuLslHOIqEjnFbN0lwSkqw+IqpXgwc/LPKgSRRIp1rYCaic/nXzieEg47pjy3qBZbs+PwoJuEYT8aZ4ptOk0o3DFSAT41NcugpG5B+lBc2OJDAEb7TUwZeVVnR12NIA35zVmLfPbb8KB3h7cyCwAg1g6+M+HftUdkYgedT230mSMDv/ABoJLhAtnSCTzx8q1vikJaWznGK2fhm1GCQASMwKV6XtBQrECBt40Clq3qETGJqp6VtEHI255+R+dZ2Lra+zttE4qx6Qs6onu5fHfuoNe4ZCWxV9a4VkgEg8/nSKWNDgA53nlVolwsR40HL/AEtaeLu+YH0FVFNdKcR1l64/JnYjyJMfSlaAr0X6qrsdD8MMZa5H/nPvXnSvQXqsI/VfDT33ccv6S4aDbuMuA/SN85ileFcAlTuPZnuIBkHmJmmbayJbl95+/wAKiFqXUMRODjmQQ0DvHZ+lBhcsggTJkYA3J+/zpC30evVm24LKSzsgIgncgkiSoeMc4iINW5UKe78h3DyqLSTnmcR4UCRlmR7lwtoDLMA5D4O3t6NKkxOXj2prB+DZmuEMQWESRiSzkgDuHZblkYjENNwo9oAAxjuHP+f0pdeOYQpjUcyQQCRAkeZIjzPdQY9HXAtq6ziCz6nYHMaRGmTlZOkZyTmTMr8N1tzKLqcdYJOwaCApbdRqiWEwFE70uUd2W3aViA0kxJjtEIW93AcTnLeQF30RatkWbYjSpM7AhQFcqe9WEFpyQyzvIDK5xHXM7qVNuyAoIVhLHrNURkSCkZnS2NwaQ6SBbhHcSFNlAFVyp1XOrYwRBg6zJkYDAaBJqHhOklRL7wVS2xBgFmJWCCm+onIE5lVE4IDPB2tHDunEKoLM7qFjCIQFCzvrSBGMNn24IWHRvD27Q6hT+xS3blmb3IhAuMsSjGI5+MDHpHhNAkksC4A3lOtIAJAmQO0QxBMlZ2Mxrbtq2gppW+5CMZEug0qVI9n31WSveB3y32m6udUMNQTIYIjAYGwJa4APDwoGOjUUqisD+0JJXeUiRq5kwinvkgc4qxuXtTASCJzA5gpAnAODvVIl0y0ESCJg+yASAwjcjQRGJ04zu3auKVcOIEyBtqMSQBMrlmXkeySMRQfHWNJAEqAkZABYNvGwII8Ac03xygFCF05AnwzGTtk+I8aWtIQbjEyXUalAzqHaB8SVJx3j5StxGoaTlYAOIlhkac4jIj/nQTC0V1TuYIbb8N/9zXxbpXc+Pn4g/GseE0XV0AmAV1J3E5lZzBEj591V7OE1LJKzCmTIMCYzkRqbGOzjuoKH1zGeirx/itfHtr+deca7/wCtq4f1bfBHvW8/21z9+FcAoCuierTiQ9q5YY+wdQ/qNAPyP+aud1a+jPSv6NxCXT7PsuO9GwfONx4gUHYeM4IxqA+81VdWqgkgyAPs1sNnjBo0iCpEqwO4PiNwZpW9Y1KSD2tiI3Hx+9qDSeK4xidhA2x38qZsW1hGmT3ztE0cfwDKYMb/AGaz4bhdKktIA3nxxQR3kBGqfh4UsSZ8D9aftcKzCI2EjxHh+NLHgG3OBQPdB21zjfarxxkCPGkOh+iX1AmIyfCth4bhANRwcxnlQVzueQg8/Kvt5GYknO8n86sE4dVJ1ZxvSt95MLtQQ2rmR3VJ0iC6drYDHjFSWbIQgmCTy2+f3zrK4Q2WHwH3ig1scCykXNgCCAd/L8KZvI3axkiT5jv+AqyNvIJH3mrCxwMieX4YoNds8H+zLN7RkR4YpHp7jBw/C3HB7TDq0E5lsSPISfhWz8RYVVO5jfH0rl3p/wBJh7wsqZW1IaNjcO/ygL5g0Gq0UUUBXof1U8PPRXDHxu/6r5NeeK9G+qC2T0Vw8f8AizM/96+3Kg2C8wghRgYZu+CduZgk7Y5DIIpi3b9lpG2MbzPyxNJ3ODKsZabZ7UR7LZJzzBJ57EnlRbUzAmfv86Ca6kmR7WY+NAUrn3tqmVNI3kmvqW5MbmgQ4gmCFyT8vjVeGLOgCTp1AkbLER4QYiORxWwcRwgBMbxnaPD5fnWvdJdMW7VkOna1MFDclGrSXI5ouSTkYoFLHHrbsIjyApAMSSzkjLblgSfZyI0+Qw4u+1pGSDsSyqNRZTcu+2CQX1OrKAM6301i1i4nC2ECl2YLddnJlQunQLnJSwGkgcwcHU1W9861EF7jqWRWbtNoJ0s/IqIC52OloC70FbwXBMONa/dhltk2rZidVzQ9y4+kAwQvZGMG4widQNmzsbiFhqJNsodx2iuonM5VmJBJgZ3NToxUAIpunLZMan1DmsALMEnYgtgnVCa8T2mVTruIqv7MBnJtspUD3dQCRy0gUFg2jWtq6ZS2+pcmQ5dwAf3lEqwk4aO6KVsXwtybh0Aq51HERpkRHsgAeZCx3g4y+rKp1S5KxMDS+m6dZ7joT3ciDB7RqG6oeyFWFzAJG0ElSQPdUAY5gbcqBzhrAUvdCkOTpYAzKKZE+I/M+MTLcQmTKqQurvDHAInaYE89qri7i46yq6mM7xDASQeWS6847MyMif8ARxc7Rns6tS+8VYmYA3POO8HE0AOI6u6XZtYcrDqZAMkaZ2gGMDbVzFPcTakgbOM6gR3SD8zz8e+KoW1gsDt2JDE6XUR/iEH2hvKwcGrZWDJpMysAoTPZORB3YYYTgz8qBnoDiTcLa4R1JWVIGxIGG3EjHdt3ilelSNTMpAJk4yJBJHMiCY7vhWPRl1iJ2u2/alu0V7a9qDPvtlYyQdzAit2CH0up6uNerJUhpKEGdiZznY7Gg1v1ocTPRV5Dgg2iOeC45+G1cErvXrZWOjHAypNog4wJXDTkZkb8h354LQFFFFB0H1f9P6lHC3DlZ6snmv7nw3HhPcK3i2zCWBiBkb9+fEf7Vwi25UggwQZBG4I511b0Q9Jl4lNFwgXxuMDWP3l8Y3AoLPj7hYz7XfAju+tQXeD1LAwN5+ufvlTmhlJ5icGNvOvvDXhkMB8qCDgODIYNJMcpkeczVwlhbmYAOxAyPD6/WlhbXeOfLEzyxv8A7VbcE3isnlHnjPkaB7g+EUAT9/f5V849ASNKgAZgTvFZTgaSdXvTtHmKxuPMQIx8ufPagr7yz4DfP4eNJLAJKrMDfx/P6U7xjDTzOYM5pLrlgQIM5M0EXWGSYz5bVgbc7/WmTLYXbxP+33NT2eGMGRgDePuaBVe0RufKrRuNCIBE8h3ao3Mb+VVnE3gMLGfvltVD090ynDJqZhq91eZNBD6Z+kX6PbhY615CjfTgS5/LxrkzMSSSZJySe+mOkONe9cNy4ZY/Qdw7hS1AUUUUBXpH1RNHRPDEbzcG/Lrrua83V6I9TzR0bYkyP2ukRkHrH592D8T5UG1dJX9A1EqEAJYk7dxjuG//ACoa+ltdTEKPZGogZmP5VlxFrUDoiYOT3ieR8Zqnu8Imubg6z4nBIM49k4xsOdA6nGqTqB1TgH3fDPOeQGT4Uxwd8yYbJ3HOQPpAjHLfckmv6R6RQLKDUVth5BAUK2ASZiBz3jUO+tcVrjWut60B9XWdaYQaNDNqGrChlRSJ2VmOYAIbSelw827MXDkFwQVBBIZFMx1gCtv2QQoPtCqbo/g7a2rXCXFUpaZrTEQ2rqRbupAye0bUxDHIHOo+D4hTIRSltwCqrgAkNdOkxjDKTGAbkZwSx0lfh+sWVZJBZRIQOtwEgDJIAlRt+zUeICLiOlS5CXVEL2nAKYtN2kZd5lHZZ5ydpy4OGJRi0gEKh9oSbQZboJBO5E8zzySarrt1SCpWFQGzdASdTqiwqFd1XV5wurcTTl2+VAVlaXYFlBPtEFXI5gNKAdwPxoCxadlDtp1KdSMDpPWLClhJ9k7RtNxl7yPqFmV9KMgYormQdAW25ZQdwAxUxG2Ria+vxypbdiCOpLquZBKlICgmTMdYJM6u1nk5fuG11UQNKsGIAUsbhAJz3ABzPjvyCr4TchoaO2jbQkaWG+TpBXuyAcNTtvilBZVEjSrDMgtMsBHswTGrmfKaV4lJJURKZTbkYnODK792ryqr4G7obTPIlTIjWQ0mBtmOfuY3oNjaxqXst2gGIOYkmYI35R4Vj0dx5KlyBA5GccjM7ePwiseG4gyVgoQQW5ncgyIw0EHYcu/GAADsoJGqGhRnYfyJ8mWgY4u0VYRJtgzBJ1doamgkkaSYOmO+N85q5uQVWRPtEYAnPjIII+oJqHibpeyWbsdmInfSAJmDoyCOeQfCoeEuC2qC6CGcAEgSwmF1mN5IAJ8A3eaCT9mr63wVLAkCcSpVhHumSrRzHdvha4q6sqgGlDrVZlWLlYg9wz5A90Co7w1yWG5JkEg6XEMDHIruO8DmBEfDXwEhswVEmeRaOXtRpM89YGaCh9ZXFI/RBe0DaW71Nw228xhdwCC2QDiuGV2j0/SOiX0sdJuA6e1trB2b2CCwEDaIri9AUUUUBWdq4VYMpIYGQRuCOYrCig6P6N+mq3ALfEsEuDAubK39b90+O1bXe4Q7qM/j/OuG1e9BelfEcMAqtrtgz1b5G89nmvwoOs2iYAgg7Z/n97U/whABaASQc55861job0/4W9C3SbDHfVlPgwnzyBWy2b6MNVp0uKealWB+uD8qC1W72RKtkY23gfOo7vEmR3bQI+E/fKvvD8TAC5GcFwJk/Qz5zzpV1GrOTMSSBE5jmcz9R3xQY8ReJOAc4Aifl98qgYDnvvy50x1RwY0/2TsYI5AkbbClyREs4AMnVOI7ySPvyGQAR5HlnJ57cvnUV5yYA2jnVN0r6Y8FZUjWbj57KZjlv7Pjv89q0Xpz05v35W3+wQ8lMsfNoH0AoNp9JvStOHm2kF4gqDt/WO4z993NOO4x7rl3aSfkPADkKgJr5QFFFFAUUUUBXe/VfxAHRvDKTEm7p2GesfmcaoOBvAPjXBK3z0W9NrHDcMOHe3daVYPpIiSzlWWTggOR4eM0Hbv1vZIjWqnaCcmYiI9qZ5VV9KdM2xbRrQLF5KMUELhSWIMRAZSB4iYXURzKz6xLPVIht3AyqFLALlVDACCce1nvjnUz+sfh2XS9q8wBGexJGkggwQBl7m2Nsdwb9wvBylrUJCILRnJZLhMjYTHV2yDABIGAMiu4a6LSdVIlG6u3ePuI7AC0Z2km0oYRgHYwW1O16z7QcN1TkRdZhC9q6xtBD7WAq24jx571nwPrI4S1ba2ti8UZtR1C2SzRBLZ95QFO+Ce4UG48QGWVVSBattaQAEmGAAycyEKTkZUbDFS9J3Qt0NbZgmiyj9kkOCLZUnAAOR5amMb6dOPrR4XMWLxn2tRXJhRk6juFzg78+cK+szhQmn9FuHdTqYEFO0Ijv0sV8RA5CA3rUVbqp7SgXCVJ0gyBcCz7R1ByCduyOyGJqfieKDt2WMoxUhSAbio4WR3NnY81I5Gue8V6y+HdVHU3pXVDSoMMUJJg+12FM/vLOJivtn1lcMtxH6m6QmFEJ2VIYGIPiCB/CKDe+lU0q5AErqDdlTqIGkAD3ezMRsGI2OGLjqylVAMqWWCIKAJkY7XiYIgfxCtGPrT4TY8PdcEBWBCjUogiYbdSDBxhjWPD+tPhQE1cPd1AQSumJyJAnGIHwoN7Gojl2QAJXdt53xtFV3DldatLKG0RAPZJKtBG0DS0nuateT1tcJz4e+R/Y/nUDetPhDH/AEe9jxT+dBuV3pA3kZ0MoZJDKRBB1BScmZ3P8XMip0hrQdXIPtTENAWe7A7ZGnIrQR60OFgr+j3Qp3AKjMRO+OdCes/hgAOpvQAQASvvGSd996Df+E4ojUbmkjUiSu0E5HPZpGf4s0nbugG1aBJuW00FWWCQpaCGkyYG3h3ZrUuG9a3DCdVi5BJOFSRnVAlo3J+lK2fWZYDl9F+dZbZPZMmDLZ9o+XzBDodq9I1LBmOUjI+/yrP9FJHKGlYGQCO4kDkd4rnA9ZtkOxW3eCsPZ7GGkTGdsDyk1Y8N63OGUH9jfBIO2jst3jtZ+PgOVBJ6yuHuWuAuoSGXXbzmQQQMdxOJnB3wRnjFdI9MvWDw/F8I9i3auq7lTLadIhgxiD4VzegKKKKAooooCiiigKztXmUyrFT3gkH6V9ooLHhvSPi7cab9wRgSZxERmZHhTh9NuP7P/SG7MRheQIHLx+gO4mvlFBjxPplxzwTxDiJjQFtjtbyLYGrfnNU/EcXcf23Zsz2mJyeeaKKCGiiigKKKKAooooCiiigKKKKAooooCiiigKKKKAooooCiiigKKKKAooooCiiigKKKKAooooP/2Q== What part of the moon is this?

Apennine Mountains

What are mare?

Lunar Seas. Molten rock due to giant impacts cools to form smooth darker regions

What are results on impacts on the moon?

Craters. The edges of large Craters form highlands.

What are Rilles?

Grooves formed by collapsed lava tunnels

What are Wrinkle ridges?

Low sinuous ridges formed as the crust cooled.

What is the Sun's diameter?

1.4 million km

What is an AU?

The Sun's average distance from the Earth, 150 million km

Name the three outer layers of the sun

Photosphere, Chromosphere and Corona

What is the Photosphere?

Visible surface, 5800K

What is the Chromosphere?

An outer layer of the sun. Gases in this absorb certain wavelengths so we get dark lines in the solar spectrum

What is the Corona?

The Crown. Faint and not dense but very hot, about 2 million K

What are sunspots?

These are patches on the surface of the Sun which appear dark. They are slightly cooler than the surface. Loops in the Sun’s magnetic field leave and enter here.

How do we determine the period of rotation of the sun?

By observing sunspots

What is the Sun's rotation period at the Equator?

25 days

What is the Sun's rotation period at the poles?

35 days

What is Nuclear fusion?

Two nuclei fusing together to form another nuclei. E.g. two hydrogen nuclei fusing together to form a Helium nuclei. Nuclear fusion releases large amounts of energy

What are the charged particles the sun emits called?

Solar Wind

How long is the Lunar phase cycle?

29.9 days

How much smaller is the Moon's diameter than the Sun's?

400x

Why do the Sun and Moon appear to be the same size in the sky?

The Moon's diameter is 400x smaller than the Sun but the Sun is also 400x further away from the Earth as the moon.

What is a Solar Eclipse?

When the Moon comes between the Earth and the Sun.

Why is a total solar eclipse rare?

These are rare because the orbit of the Moon is slightly tilted.

How long does totality last in the total solar eclipse?

Totality lasts for around a minute. In this time the Sun’s corona is visible.

What's a Lunar Eclipse?

When the Earth comes between the Moon and the Sun.

Why does the Moon appear red during a lunar eclipse?

The Moon appears red as the light falling on it has passed through the Earth’s atmosphere so all the blue has been scattered.

How long do Lunar Eclipses last and why?

They last for several hours as the shadow of the Earth is big

Where does the sun rise and set?

The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West

What's a solstice?

When the sun is directly above one of the tropics.

What's an equinox?

When the sun is directly above the equator.

What is Local noon?

this is the time at which the Sun culminates (is highest) in the sky The shadow made by a vertical stick would be shortest at this time

What is a Solar Day?

The time between one local noon and the next | The solar day varies throughout the year due to the tilt of the Earth and because its orbit isn’t circular

What is the Apparent sun?

the Sun as we see it in the sky

What is the Mean Sun?

an imaginary Sun that culminates exactly every 24 hours

What's Greenwich Mean Time?

the mean Sun culminates at exactly 12:00 every day using this time

What is the Equation of Time?

The difference between GMT and the actual solar time on any day is called the Equation of Time.