TOPIC ONE: Cell Biology 🧫🔬

Question 1

Q1. Name the cell structures that a animal cell and a plant cell share

Answer 1

• mitochondria
  -nucleus
  -cell membrane
  -cytoplasm
  -ribosomes

Question 2

Q2. What other cell structures do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 2

• cell wall
  -vacuole
  -chloroplasts

Question 3

Q3. Name the function of mitochondria ?

Answer 3

Provides energy for aerobic respiration ( where it takes place) .

Question 4

Q4. Name the function of the nucleus and the cell membrane?

Answer 4

• where the DNA is stored and controls cell activities
• controls what moves in and out the cell.

Question 5

Q5. What is the function of the ribosomes ?

Answer 5

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 6

What is the function of chloroplasts ?

Answer 6

Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 7

Q7. Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 7

• Eukaryotic cells have DNA in the nucleus
• prokaryotic cells have DNA in plasmids and don’t have a nucleus .

Question 8

Q8. Which microscope has better magnification + resolution?

Answer 8

The electron microscope has better magnification and resolution so it can see cells in better detail and see sub cellular structures whereas light microscope can’t .

Question 9

Q10. What is a disadvantage of the Electron microscope ?

Answer 9

It can only view dead specimen , whereas the light microscope can view living cells.

Question 10

Q10. What are stem cells ?

Answer 10

Cell that can differentiate and become specialised cells.

Question 11

Q11. Difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells ?

Answer 11

• embryonic come from embryos adult comes from the bone marrow
• embryonic can differentiate into any cell but adult stem cells are limited .

Question 12

Q12. How are muscle cells adapted for their function ?

Answer 12

• they have lots of mitochondria for energy
  -they have protein fibres allowing them to contract .

Question 13

Q13. Describe the 1st stage of mitosis ?

Answer 13

DNA duplicates and grows.

Question 14

Q14. Describe the 2nd stage of mitosis ?

Answer 14

-Chromosomes line up at the centre and fibres pull them apart to either side of the cell,

Question 15

Q15. Describe the 3rd stage of mitosis?

Answer 15

Nucleus and the cell membrane split apart .

Question 16

Q16. Describe the 4th stage of mitosis ?

Answer 16

Cytokinesis - the cytoplasm separates forming two identical daughter cells .

Question 17

Q17. What is the function of mitosis ?

Answer 17

For growth and development and to repair + replace damaged cells .

Question 18

Q17. What is Osmosis ?

Answer 18

The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down the concentration gradient across a partially permeable membrane
- passive reaction .

Question 19

Q18. What is Diffusion ?

Answer 19

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Down the concentration gradient
- passive process

Question 20

Q20. What is active transport ?

Answer 20

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against the concentration gradient using energy .