Topic One Flashcards

1
Q

How long did ww1 last

A

1914-1918

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2
Q

When was dole set up?

Aim?

A

Dole set up in 1918. For war workers and soldiers who couldn’t get jobs straight after war

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3
Q

What new industries?
What did they create?
Which areas

A

Car and electrical goods
More jobs
South and west of England

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4
Q

What did those in worse off areas do?

A

Protested, petitions, wrote to newspapers and individually to government

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5
Q

NUWM - what were their protests called?

When?

Aim?

A

Hunger marches
1921
Emphasise point that unemployed not lazy but needed more than benefits

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6
Q

Where unemployment highest?

Industries + places

A

Coal, steel, iron, cotton and shipbuilding

North and east of England and Scotland and Wales

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7
Q

How many of the factories were in London

A

80%

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8
Q

What was the issue for coal industry?

+ve and -ve

A

Most factories ran on electricity so didn’t help coal industry. But new jobs created in London

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9
Q

When did Labour come into power

A

1929

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10
Q

August 1931 - what did gov set up?

Prove what ?

A

A means test to prove benefits claimant was poor enough because many people claiming benefits

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11
Q

Why did most ministers not accept?

A

Demeaning, humiliating

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12
Q

End of 1931- national gov cut unemployment by how much? What set up ?

A

19%

Means test

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13
Q

Deal with N.I benefit ?

How long?

A

If paying N.I contributions, no means test, benefits for 15 weeks

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14
Q

Dole was less? What deal ?

A

Dole was for those who hadn’t paid N.I contributions, or already had 15 weeks benefit. Had to pass means test

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15
Q

When was special areas act announced? How much given? Where ? Problem?

A

1934
2 million to places with worst unemployment
Money wasn’t enough + in worst areas industry already collapsed so couldn’t apply for money

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16
Q

What was financial help for unemployed?
Year?
For who?

A

National insurance benefit
1911
Few industries e.g. Shipbuilding - not steady work

17
Q

What did unemployed have to do?

A

Go to the unemployment exchange once a week to register as ‘looking for work’ and collect money

18
Q

What did everyone at Jarrow work? What happened and when?

A

Palmer’s shipyard

1934- NSS closed it

19
Q

How much unemployment in Jarrow by 1935?

A

64%

20
Q

Why couldn’t Jarrow apply for money? Situation ?

A

No industry at all

Most people were starving

21
Q

1936- aim of NUWM
Gov reactions?

What did Jarrow people do separate from NUWM

A

Hunger March to London
Gov opposed saying gov shouldn’t be forced into acting
Chose to hold their own March

22
Q

Situation with marching to Jarrow?

  • distance
  • what done?
  • organisation?
A

About 21 miles between each stop

Made speeches about situation at Jarrow - public meetings about wanting work not benefits/charity

V. Organised - bus to carry equipment. People ahead to fix stay and cook

23
Q

Public reaction to Jarrow marchers ?

A

Some towns local cinemas let them in for free
Local church / council groups gave them food and shelter
Sometimes slept in halls
Sometimes in workhouses

24
Q

Gov reaction whilst marchers marching? What done to benefits ?

A

Issued statement saying they disapproved of all marches ‘whatever their purpose’
Made sure marcher’s benefits payments stopped - families worse than before

25
Q

Gains from March

A

Some offered work but had to leave home for it
MP set up steel works factory in Jarrow - employed 200 men
Marchers felt it was a fail but spirit and courage was inspiring