TOPIC MAIN Flashcards by floofy doggo

state the Organelles

Nucleus
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Ribosome

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freely permeable to small molecules

Outer membrane

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CoA meaning

Coenzyme A

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oxidized form of NAD

NAD+

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the sum total of all the biochemical reactions that take place in a living organism

Metabolism

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DNA replication and RNA synthesis

Nucleus

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about 20% lipid and 80% protein

Inner membrane

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FAD meaning

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

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reduced from of NAD

NADH

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a series of consecutive biochemical reactions used to convert a starting material into an end product, which is either linear or cyclic

metabolic pathway

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Cellular boundary

Plasma membrane

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Highly impermeable to most substances

Inner membrane

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NAD meaning

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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derivative of vit. b3

NAD

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2 TYPES OF METABOLISM

ANABOLISM
CATABOLISM

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water-based material that lies between the nucleus and the outer membrane
of the cell

Cytoplasm

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Interior region of the mitochondria

matrix

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net energy produced used for cellular reactions

ATP

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sum total of the biochemical reactions of the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation

Common metabolic pathway

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all metabolic reactions in which small biochemical molecules are joined together to form larger ones

ANABOLISM

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generates of most of the
energy for a cell

Mitochondria

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Region between inner & outer membrane

intermembrane space

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active portion is -SH or as CoA-SH

CoA

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biochemical process by which
food molecules, through hydrolysis, are broken down into simpler chemical units that can be used by cells for their metabolic need

DIGESTION

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Consumes energy

ANABOLISM

contains hydrolytic enzymes needed for cellular rebuilding, repair, and degradation

Lysosome

Folds into cristae to increase surface area

Inner membrane

derivative of vitamin b5

CoA

end products of digestion

CARBS PROTEINS FATS AND OILS

ANA / CATA: Oxidation of glucose

ANABOLISM

site for protein synthesis

Ribosome

small spherical knob attached to cristae

ATP synthase complexes

coenzyme required for redox reaction

FAD NAD

where do acetyl grp formation reaction happen?

CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRIA

ANA / CATA: Releases energy

CATABOLISM

all metabolic reactions in which large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones

CATABOLISM

Powerhouse of the cell

MITOCHONDRIA

Site for ATP synthesis

ATP synthase complexes

oxidized form of FAD

FAD+

where do glucose metabolism happen in the cell?

CYTOSOL

ANA / CATA: Synthesis of proteins

CATABOLISM

50% lipid and 50% protein

Outer membrane

ATP meaning

Adenosine Triphosphate

where do FA metabolism happen in the cell?

MITOCHONDRIA

two membranes of the cell

INNER MEMBRANE OUTER MEMBRANE

IMPORTANT NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS in METABOLIC PATHWAYS

ATP CoA FAD NAD

reduced form of FAD

FADH2

derivative of vit. b2

FAD

where does the citric acid cycle happen in the cell?

MITOCHONDRIA

a cell in which the DNA found in a membrane-enclosed nucleus

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

where does the ETC and oxidation phosphorylation happen in the cell?

MITOCHONDRIA

TRUE / FALSE: ATP synthase has two subunits

TRUE

ATP synthase two subunits

F0 F1

series of biochemical reactions in which the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide and the reduced coenzymes FADH2 and NADH are produced

THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE

total ATP / glucose produced

32 ATP

Acetyl CoA, which carries the two-carbon degradation product of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, enters the cycle by combining with the four- carbon keto dicarboxylate species oxaloacetate

Formation of Citrate

other names for citric acid cycle

KREBS CYCLE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE

fuel for the citric acid cycle

ACETYL COA

a series of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH and FADH2 are passed to intermediate carriers and then ultimately react with molecular oxygen to produce water

The Electron Transport Chain

biochemical process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP as a result of the transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH or FADH2 to O2 through the electron carriers involved in the electron transport chain

Oxidative Phosphorylation

conceptually simple but mechanistically complex

Oxidative Phosphorylation

transferring protons from the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space

proton pumps

“proton flow” explanation for ATP–ETC coupling is formally called

Chemiosmotic coupling

an explanation for the coupling of ATP synthesis with electron transport chain reactions that requires a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Chemiosmotic coupling