TOPIC MAIN Flashcards
state the Organelles
Nucleus
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Ribosome
freely permeable to small molecules
Outer membrane
CoA meaning
Coenzyme A
oxidized form of NAD
NAD+
the sum total of all the biochemical reactions that take place in a living organism
Metabolism
DNA replication and RNA synthesis
Nucleus
about 20% lipid and 80% protein
Inner membrane
FAD meaning
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
reduced from of NAD
NADH
a series of consecutive biochemical reactions used to convert a starting material into an end product, which is either linear or cyclic
metabolic pathway
Cellular boundary
Plasma membrane
Highly impermeable to most substances
Inner membrane
NAD meaning
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
derivative of vit. b3
NAD
2 TYPES OF METABOLISM
ANABOLISM
CATABOLISM
water-based material that lies between the nucleus and the outer membrane
of the cell
Cytoplasm
Interior region of the mitochondria
matrix
net energy produced used for cellular reactions
ATP
sum total of the biochemical reactions of the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation
Common metabolic pathway
all metabolic reactions in which small biochemical molecules are joined together to form larger ones
ANABOLISM
generates of most of the
energy for a cell
Mitochondria
Region between inner & outer membrane
intermembrane space
active portion is -SH or as CoA-SH
CoA
biochemical process by which
food molecules, through hydrolysis, are broken down into simpler chemical units that can be used by cells for their metabolic need
DIGESTION
Consumes energy
ANABOLISM
contains hydrolytic enzymes needed for cellular rebuilding, repair, and degradation
Lysosome
Folds into cristae to increase surface area
Inner membrane
derivative of vitamin b5
CoA
end products of digestion
CARBS
PROTEINS
FATS AND OILS
ANA / CATA:
Oxidation of glucose
ANABOLISM
site for protein synthesis
Ribosome
small spherical knob attached to cristae
ATP synthase complexes
coenzyme required for redox reaction
FAD
NAD
where do acetyl grp formation reaction happen?
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRIA
ANA / CATA:
Releases energy
CATABOLISM
all metabolic reactions in which large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones
CATABOLISM
Powerhouse of the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
Site for ATP synthesis
ATP synthase complexes
oxidized form of FAD
FAD+
where do glucose metabolism happen in the cell?
CYTOSOL
ANA / CATA:
Synthesis of proteins
CATABOLISM
50% lipid and 50% protein
Outer membrane
ATP meaning
Adenosine Triphosphate
where do FA metabolism happen in the cell?
MITOCHONDRIA
two membranes of the cell
INNER MEMBRANE
OUTER MEMBRANE
IMPORTANT NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS in METABOLIC PATHWAYS
ATP
CoA
FAD
NAD
reduced form of FAD
FADH2
derivative of vit. b2
FAD
where does the citric acid cycle happen in the cell?
MITOCHONDRIA
a cell in which the DNA found in a membrane-enclosed nucleus
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
where does the ETC and oxidation phosphorylation happen in the cell?
MITOCHONDRIA
TRUE / FALSE:
ATP synthase has two subunits
TRUE
ATP synthase two subunits
F0
F1
series of biochemical reactions in which the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide and the reduced coenzymes FADH2 and NADH are produced
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
total ATP / glucose produced
32 ATP
Acetyl CoA, which carries the two-carbon degradation product of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, enters the cycle by combining with the four- carbon keto dicarboxylate species oxaloacetate
Formation of Citrate
other names for citric acid cycle
KREBS CYCLE
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
fuel for the citric acid cycle
ACETYL COA
a series of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH and FADH2 are passed to intermediate carriers and then ultimately react with molecular oxygen to produce water
The Electron Transport Chain
biochemical process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP as a result of the transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH or FADH2 to O2 through the electron carriers involved in the electron transport chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
conceptually simple but mechanistically complex
Oxidative Phosphorylation
transferring protons from the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space
proton pumps
“proton flow” explanation for ATP–ETC coupling is formally called
Chemiosmotic coupling
an explanation for the coupling of ATP synthesis with electron transport chain reactions that requires a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Chemiosmotic coupling
