TOPIC LIST B.

Question 1

B) 1. Cholinergic transmission and its presynaptic modification.

Answer 1

botulinum toxin, vesamicol, hemicholinium

Question 2

B) 2. Adrenergic transmission and its presynaptic modification

Answer 2

Metyrosine (antihypertensive effect): inhibit conversion of Tyrosime to DOPA

Carbidopa, Benserazide: inhibit conversion of DOPA to Dopamine

Reserpine (outdated antihypertensive): inhibit the transport of Dopamine into the vesicle

Guanethidine, Debrisoquine and Bretylium: inhibit the Ca2+ influx and thus the release of NE from the vesicle to the synaptic cleft

L-DOPA (levodopa): used in Parkinsons to increase Dopamine synthesis

Bupropion - inhibits reuptake: used as an anti-depressant that can also be used to help quit smoking

Question 3

B) 3. Cholinomimetics

Answer 3

carbachol, pilocarpine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, rivastigmine, edrophonium

Question 4

B) 4. Muscarinic receptor blocking drugs

Answer 4

atropine, scopolamine, butyl-scopolamine, ipratropium, procyclidine, solifenacin, cyclopentolate, tiotropium, oxybutinine

Question 5

B) 5. Catecholamines

Answer 5

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, isoprenalin, dobutamine

Question 6

B) 6. Indirect sympathomimetics. Selective α2-agonists and drugs acting on the imidazoline receptors

Answer 6

ephedrine, phenylephrine, clonidin, rilmenidine, methyldopa, oxymetazoline

Question 7

B) 7. α-receptor antagonists

Answer 7

prazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, urapidil, carvedilol, phentolamine

Question 8

B) 8. β-receptor antagonists

Answer 8

propranolol, pindolol, carvedilol, timolol, sotalol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol, esmolol

Question 9

B) 9. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants (spasmolytics). Dantrolene. Botulinum toxin

Answer 9

baclofen, tolperisone, diazepam, tizanidine, dantrolene, botulinum toxin

Question 10

B) 10. Skeletal muscle relaxants acting on the neuromuscular junction

Answer 10

atracurium, cisatracurium, mivacurium, pipecuronium, rocuronium, succynylcholine (suxamethonium)

Question 11

B) 11. Selective β2-stimulants and other bronchodilators. Pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma and COPD.

Answer 11

salbutamol, terbutaline, fenoterol, salmeterol, formoterol, ipratropium, tiotropium, theophyllin

Question 12

B) 12. Antiinflammatory agents used in bronchial asthma. Antitussive agents and expectorants

Answer 12

prednisolone, methylprednisolon, fluticazone, budesonide, montelukast, omalizumab, codein, butamirate, prenoxdiazine, acetylcystein, bromhexin

Question 13

B) 13. Drugs used for the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Therapy of migraine

Answer 13

vinpocetin, nicergolin, cilostazol, pentoxifyllin, Ca-dobesilate, sumatriptan, galkanezumab, cinnarizin, propranolol, verapamil, carbamazepine, valproate, imipramine

Question 14

B) 14. Drugs used for treatment of heart failure I: Drugs decreasing the load on the heart. Drugs of acute cardiac failure. Pharmacotherapy of chronic heart failure.

Answer 14

see ACE-inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers, etc.

Question 15

B) 15. Drugs used for treatment of heart failure II: Positive inotropic agents. Pharmacotherapy of acute heart
failure

Answer 15

digoxin, digitoxin, milrinone, levosimendan, dobutamine

Question 16

B) 16. Antiarrhytmic agents

Answer 16

lidocaine, propafenone, esmolol, amiodarone, sotalol verapamil, adenozine, digoxin, Mg2+

Question 17

B) 17. Drugs used for the treatment of hypertension I: Classification of antihypertensive agents and their mechanisms of action. Pharmacotherapy of hypertension.

Answer 17

B18-B19 and sympatholytics, diuretics

Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide

Clonidine
Methyldopa
Guanadrel
Prazosin - Doxazosin - Tamsulosin
Propranolol
Metoprolol - Bisoprolol - Nebivolol
Labetalol - Carvedilol

Dihydropiridine (+its under drugs)
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Fenoldopam

Etc

Question 18

B) 18. Drugs used for the treatment of hypertension II: Ca2+-channel blockers and other vasodilators

Answer 18

amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil, dihydralazine, bosentan, sildenafil

Question 19

B) 19. Drugs used for the treatment of hypertension III: Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system

Answer 19

enalapril, perindopril, ramipril, losartan, valsartan, valsartan + sacubitril, irbesartan, spironolactone, eplerenon, captopril

Question 20

B) 20. Drugs used for treatment of angina pectoris. Pharmacotherapy of ischemic heart disease.

Answer 20

nitroglicerin, isosorbid-mononitrate, trimetazidine, ivabradin, beta-bockers, and Ca-channel blockers

Question 21

B) 21. Agents used in dyslipidaemias.

Answer 21

simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, ezetimib, fenofibrate, colesevelam

Question 22

B) 22. Potassium excreting (wasting) diuretics

Answer 22

acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, furosemide, etacrynic acid

Question 23

B) 23. Potassium sparing diuretics, ADH antagonists, osmotic diuretics

Answer 23

spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride, tolvaptan, mannitol, glycerol

Question 24

B) 24. Histamine and antihistamines.

Answer 24

promethazine, diphenhydramine, (levo)cetirizine, (des)loratadine, fexofenadin, dimetindene