Topic For finals Flashcards
It describes the anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly.
Protraction
In practice, this is the movement of ‘REACHING OUT’ to something.
Protraction
It refers to the posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly i.e. picking something up.
Retraction
It can be defined as a conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.
Circumduction
It is sometimes talked about as a circular motion, but is more accurately conical due to the ‘cone’ formed by the moving limb.
Circumduction
brings the thumb and little finger together.
Opposition
is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other, effectively reversing opposition.
Reposition
It involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
Inversion
It involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.
Eversion
It refers to flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly.
Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion of the hand is a confusing term, and so is rarely used. The dorsum of the hand is the posterior surface, and so movement in that direction is extension. Therefore we can say that dorsiflexion of the wrist is the same as extension.
Dorsiflexion
It refers extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly. Similarly there is a term for the hand, which is palmarflexion.
Plantarflexion
Plantarflexion, similarly there is a term for the hand, which is called _____?
palmarflexion.
This is easily confused with medial and lateral rotation, but the difference is subtle. With your hand resting on a table in front of you, and keeping your shoulder and elbow still, turn your hand onto its back, palm up. This is the supine position, and so this movement is ____?
supination
keeping the elbow and shoulder still, flip your hand onto its front, palm down. This is the prone position, and so this movement is named _______?.
pronation
These terms also apply to the whole body – when lying flat on the back, the body is supine. When lying flat on the front, the body is prone.
pronation
refers to movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug),
Elevation
refers to movement in an inferior direction.
Depression
is a rotational movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal rotation. To understand this, we have two scenarios to imagine. Firstly, with a straight leg, rotate it to point the toes inward. This is medial rotation of the hip.
Medial rotation
is a rotating movement away from the midline. This is in the opposite direction to the movements described above.
Lateral rotation
is a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away.
Abduction
For example, the shoulder raises the arms out to the sides of the body.
abduction
is a movement towards the midline. ______ of the hip squeezes the legs together.
In fingers and toes, the midline used is not the midline of the body, but of the hand and foot respectively. Therefore, abducting the fingers spreads them out.
Adduction
refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
Flexion
