Topic For finals Flashcards
It describes the anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly.
Protraction
In practice, this is the movement of ‘REACHING OUT’ to something.
Protraction
It refers to the posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly i.e. picking something up.
Retraction
It can be defined as a conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.
Circumduction
It is sometimes talked about as a circular motion, but is more accurately conical due to the ‘cone’ formed by the moving limb.
Circumduction
brings the thumb and little finger together.
Opposition
is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other, effectively reversing opposition.
Reposition
It involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
Inversion
It involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.
Eversion
It refers to flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly.
Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion of the hand is a confusing term, and so is rarely used. The dorsum of the hand is the posterior surface, and so movement in that direction is extension. Therefore we can say that dorsiflexion of the wrist is the same as extension.
Dorsiflexion
It refers extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly. Similarly there is a term for the hand, which is palmarflexion.
Plantarflexion
Plantarflexion, similarly there is a term for the hand, which is called _____?
palmarflexion.
This is easily confused with medial and lateral rotation, but the difference is subtle. With your hand resting on a table in front of you, and keeping your shoulder and elbow still, turn your hand onto its back, palm up. This is the supine position, and so this movement is ____?
supination
keeping the elbow and shoulder still, flip your hand onto its front, palm down. This is the prone position, and so this movement is named _______?.
pronation
These terms also apply to the whole body – when lying flat on the back, the body is supine. When lying flat on the front, the body is prone.
pronation
refers to movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug),
Elevation
refers to movement in an inferior direction.
Depression
is a rotational movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal rotation. To understand this, we have two scenarios to imagine. Firstly, with a straight leg, rotate it to point the toes inward. This is medial rotation of the hip.
Medial rotation
is a rotating movement away from the midline. This is in the opposite direction to the movements described above.
Lateral rotation
is a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away.
Abduction
For example, the shoulder raises the arms out to the sides of the body.
abduction
is a movement towards the midline. ______ of the hip squeezes the legs together.
In fingers and toes, the midline used is not the midline of the body, but of the hand and foot respectively. Therefore, abducting the fingers spreads them out.
Adduction
refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
Flexion
at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. When the knee flexes, the ankle moves closer to the buttock, and the angle between the femur and tibia gets smaller.
Flexion
refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. Extension of the knee straightens the lower limb.
Extension
Anatomical terms of movementare used to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton.
Anatomical Movement
are used to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton.
Anatomical terms of movement
Sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves.
Median Plane
is a horizontal plane. It divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. In anatomy, they are also referred to as a cross section.
transverse plane
Another term of Transverse Plane
Axial Plane
It divides the body into ______ (upper) and _____ (lower) portions
superior (upper)
inferior (lower)
In anatomy, they are also referred to as a cross section.
Axial Plane (transverse plane)
is also a vertical plane that splits the body into left and right parts.
sagittal plane
that runs directly through the midline is also called the midsagittal plane or median plane.
A sagittal plane
Another term of sagittal
(lateral plane)
is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
-vertical plane running from side to side;
The coronal plane
The coronal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into ___ (front) and ____ (back) parts.
anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
are imaginary planes or flat surfaces that cut through and section the body in its anatomical position.
Body planes
refers towards the front of the brain
Frontal
means towards the back of the brain.
occipital
The Frontal lobe is _____ to the Occipital Lobe.
Anterior
The Occipital Lobe is ___ to the Frontal Lobe
Posterior
Sometimes known as superficial, it denotes towards the surface.
external
is also known as deep and denotes that it is away from the body surface.
Internal
Is upwards or towards the vertex/top of the head whereas
Superior
It indicates the opposite: below or towards the feet.
inferior
is towards the median
Medial
is away from the median and towards the side of the body.
lateral
is an imaginary line down the middle of the body that splits the body into equal left and right parts.
Median or midline
It indicates that it is away or farthest away from the trunk of the body or the point of origin of the body part.
Distal
means that it is closest or towards the trunk of the body or point of origin.
Proximal
indicates to the “right side of”
Right
It indicates to the “left side of”.
Left
It denotes towards the front of the body.
Ventral
means towards the back of the body.
Dorsal
It indicates that the body part in question is “in front of” or “front”.
Anterior
It indicates that it is “in behind of” or “behind”.
Posterior
It represent a universally accepted language of anatomy, allowing precise communication between anatomists and health professionals. The terms used to explain anatomical positioning are described in relation to one standard position called the anatomical position.
Anatomical directional terms and body planes
The terms used to explain anatomical positioning are described in relation to one standard position called the ?
anatomical position.
