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GCSE:Chemistry- CGP Revision Guide - END > Topic C4 - Chemical Change > Flashcards

Topic C4 - Chemical Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the lower PH numbers mean

A

That they are more acidic

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2
Q

What does the higher pH numbers mean

A

That they are more alkaline

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3
Q

How can you measure the pH of the solution

A

By using an indicator in the form of a dye that changes colour. For example universal indicator

Are using a pH probe attached to a pH meter

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4
Q

What is an acid

A

an acid is a substance that forms aqueous solution with a pH of less than seven. Acids form H+ ions in water

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5
Q

What is a base

A

Is a substance with a pH greater than seven

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6
Q

What is an alkali

A

Is a base that is dissolved in water to form a solution with a pH greater than seven. Alkalis form OH- ions in water

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7
Q

What is the Chemical formula of hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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8
Q

What is the symbol equation for nitric acid

A

HNO3

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9
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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10
Q

What is the chemical formula for phosphorus acid

A

H3PO4

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11
Q

What are common bases

A

Metal oxides

Metal carbonates

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12
Q

What are common alkalis

A

Ammonia

Metal hydroxide

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13
Q

What is the Chemical formula of ammonia

A

NH3

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14
Q

What is the salt created by sulphuric acid

A

Sulfates

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15
Q

What is the salt created by hydrochloric acid

A

Chloride

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16
Q

What is the salt created by nitric acid

A

Nitrate

17
Q

What is the salt created by phosphoric acid

A

Phosphate

18
Q

What are the products created by a

acid + reactive metal

Reaction

A

salt + hydrogen

19
Q

What are the products created by a

acid + base/alkali

Reaction

A

salt + water

20
Q

What are the products created by a

acid + carbonate

Reaction

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

How do we know if an acid is strong

A

If the ions completely ionise in water

All acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

22
Q

How do we know if an acid is weak

A

If the ions does not fully ionise in solution

Only a small proportion of acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

This is a reversible reaction

23
Q

What is PH a measure of

A

The concentration of H+ ions in the solution

24
Q

How do you workout concentration in terms of ph

A

For every decrease of one on the pH scale, the concentration of H+ ions increased by a factor of 10

25
Q

What is the reactivity series

A

Is a list of metals in order of reactivity towards other substances

26
Q

How are metal ores formed

A

By oxidation

27
Q

How are metals extracted from its ores

A

By reduction

28
Q

What is oxidation

A

The gain of oxygen

29
Q

What is reduction

A

The loss of oxygen

30
Q

How do you determine if a metal can be extracted by reduction with carbon

A

It is determined by the position of the metal in the reactivity series against carbon

31
Q

What happens if the metal is higher than carbon in the reactivity series

A

It will have to be extracted using electrolysis which is explosive

32
Q

How do you remember redox reactions

A

OIL RIG

Oxidisation 
is 
loss 
reduction 
is 
gain

In terms of electrons

33
Q

What’s the meaning of electrolysis

A

Splitting up with electricity

34
Q

What happens in electrolysis

A

1) During electrolysis and electric current is passed through an electrolyte. The ions move towards the electrodes
2) The positive ion (cation) in the electrolyte will move towards the cathode (the negative electrode) and gain electrons
3) The negative ion (anion) in the electrolyte will move towards the anode (the positive electrode) and lose electrons

35
Q

What happened to cations in electrolysis

A

They are reduced (redox) to the element at the cathode

36
Q

What happens to nonmetals in electrolysis

A

They are oxidised (redox) to the element at the anode

37
Q

What happens in electrolysis of aqueous solutions

A

1) in aqueous solutions: there are ions from the ionic compound as well as hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions from water

2) at the cathode- if H+ ions and metal ions are present .
Hydrogen gas will be produced if the metal ions form an element that is more reactive than hydrogen
If it is less reactive than hydrogen a solid layer of the pure metal will be produced instead

3) At the anode - if OH- and halide ions (Cl-,Br- I-) are present:
Molecules of chlorine,bromine and iodine and will form
If no halide ions (Cl-,Br- I-) are present:
Then the OH- ions are discharged and oxygen will be formed

GCSE:Chemistry- CGP Revision Guide - END (10 decks)

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