Topic c Flashcards
What does a tertiary alkyl halide proceed with
SN1 reaction
Explain the mechanism for a SN1 reaction
bromine bond broken to form carbocation
H20 attacks positive carbon
the bromine as nu takes a H to become hbr
bond between o-h broken
What reagent from ester to carboxylic acid
NaOH and HCl
reagent to prepare carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Cr03 and H2SO4
reagent for carboxylic acid to ester
conc H2SO4
reagent for ester to alcohol
LiAlH4
Why would one carbocation be more stable than another
Resonance effect
more stable due to distributing charge across the whole molecule.
Why would a molecule be a stronger base
no resonance as bonds are free , weaker bases have resonance effects
Bronsted acid
proton donor
bronsted base
proton acceptor
With oxo acids which would be a stronger acid
Has resonance effects so if an h is removed can stabilise molecule through this effect
Why does a strong acid not have a strong conjugate base
Because the proton fully dissociates
Does a strong acid have a negative pKa value
yes
Why is the second proton of diprotic acid harder to lose than the first
stronger attraction with a negative ion and positive molecule made from the first proton being lost
Why are only 3 steps shown for en
This is becuase it is a bidentate molecule and 3x en makes an octahedral shape
Why do the stepwise formation constants decrease for each successive step in both reactions
Substitution gets progressively more difficult as there are fewer water
ligands left to replace, so substitution becomes statistically less likely after
each step
reagent aldehyde to alcohol
CH3LiBr and H+
ketone to alcohol
LialH4
more nodes
higher energy
Big K
The EQM lies to the right therefore more product
Negative log K
Equilibrium shifts left as the forward reaction is thermodynamic ally unfavourable so stops stepwise
