Topic B: The Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle found in the body?
Cardiac, smooth, Skeletal
What is the role of cardiac muscle?
Enables the heart to contract and pump blood, non-fatiguing, involuntary, found in the heart
What is the role of smooth muscle?
Found on organs, involuntary, slow contraction
What is the role of skeletal muscle?
Provides shape and structure, found with bones, fatiguing, voluntary
What is an “agonist”?
The prime mover, responsible for movement at a joint
What is an “antagonist”?
The muscle used for opposite movement, relaxes and lengthens as the agonist works
What is a “fixator”?
Stops any unwanted movement. Eg- lats support spine to reach max capacity
What is a “synergist”?
The muscle that stabilises a joint around which movement is occurring, helping the agonist function properly
What is the agonist and antagonist while performing a bicep curl?
Agonist- Bicep. Antagonist- Tricep.
What are the three types of muscle fibre?
Slow twitch type 1, fast oxidative type 2a, Fast glycolytic type 2x
What are the structural characteristics of slow twitch type 1?
Red colour, small in size, high in mitochondria, capillaries, myoglobin and glycogen
What are the functional characteristics of slow twitch type 1?
Low speed & strength, high fatigue resistance & aerobic capacity, low anaerobic capacity
What are the structural characteristics of fast oxidative type 2a?
Red in colour, large size, low mitochondria, moderate capillaries, myoglobin & glycogen
What are the functional characteristics of fast oxidative type 2a?
High speed & strength, low fatigue resistance & aerobic capacity, high anaerobic capacity
What are the structural characteristics of fast glycolytic type 2x?
White in colour, largest in size, low mitochondria, capillaries, myoglobin & glycogen
What are the functional characteristics of fast glycolytic type 2x?
Highest speed & strength, lowest resistance & aerobic capacity, highest anaerobic capacity
What are the different types of muscle contraction?
Concentric, eccentric, isometric
What is an isometric contraction?
Muscles stays the same length during contraction
What is a concentric contraction?
The muscle shortens and contracts
What is an eccentric contraction?
The muscle lengthens under tension
