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BIOCHEM 2280 > TOPIC A > Flashcards

TOPIC A Flashcards

1
Q

4 major classes of biomolecules:

A
  1. Amino acids
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Nucelotides
  4. Lipids
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1
Q

3 major bio polymers:

A
  1. PROTEINS (of amino acids)- genetically encoded
  2. POLYSACCHARIDES (of monosaccharies..or sugars)
  3. NUCLEIC ACIDS (of nucleotides) - genetically encoded
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2
Q

What dont form polymers

A

lipids

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3
Q

What did Crick & Watson discover?

A

structure of double helix and theryby how it works (base pairing) DNA sequence in gene dictates sequence in mRNA strand, each triplet/codon only recognized by complimentary anti-codon in a specific tRNA charged by a specific amino acid

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4
Q

What do spontaneous processes require?

A

structure of double helix and theryby how it works (base pairing) DNA sequence in gene dictates sequence in mRNA strand, each triplet/codon only recognized by complimentary anti-codon in a specific tRNA charged by a specific amino acid

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5
Q

STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACIDS

A

*all share same basic structure
- central carbon/alpha carbon with 4 substituents… - side chains distinguish each
1. Alpha Amino group
2. Alpha Carboxyl group
3. Hydrogen group
4. R group

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6
Q

What is molecular geometry of a basic amino acid

A

tetrahedral

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7
Q

what are the two possible stereoisomers

A

d and L

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8
Q

is it D or L that makes the proteins

A

L

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9
Q

How many amino acids are there

A

20

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10
Q

Which is the only non-chiral amino acid

A

glycine

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11
Q

Which is the smallest amino acid

A

glycine

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12
Q

which are the 4 cyclic amino acids

A

proline, tyrosine, tryptophan and phenyalanine

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13
Q

What is an imino acid and give an example

A

imino acids have a nitrogen atom in place of one of the carbon atoms in their backbone, and lack one hydrogen for eg: proline

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14
Q

Properties of carboxyl groups

A

-protonated= neutral charge
-deprotonated= negative charge

**at neutral pH, they are a negative charge (COO-)

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15
Q

properties of amino groups

A

-protonated= positive charge
-deprotonated= neutral charge

*at neutral pH, they are positive charge (NH3+)

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16
Q

What are the two terminuses in a polypeptide

A

N-terminus and C-terminus

17
Q

How do you read the polypeptide

A

from the N-terminus to the C-terminus

18
Q

Which amino avid under oxidation condition forms a disulfide bond?

A

Cystine

19
Q

are all side chains ionizable

A

no

20
Q

what are the ionizable side chains

A

N- terminus
C-terminus
Histide
Aspartate or Aspartic acid
Cystine
Tyrosine
Lysine
Arganine

21
Q

What reaction is the formation of a peptide bond and what does it release?

A

-releases a watermolecule
and is a condensation reaction

22
Q

Lower pka = ?

A

stronger acid

23
Q

Dipeptide

A

a peptide chain composed of 2 amino acids

24
Q

tripeptide

A

a peptide chain composed of 3 amino acids

25
Q

Oligopeptide

A

a peptide chain composed of approx 3-20 amino acids

26
Q

polypeptide

A

a peptide chain composed of many amino acids

27
Q

Protein

A

a molecule composed of one or more polypeptide chains

28
Q

What is a residue

A
  • when part of a polypeptide, each amino acid is called a residue
29
Q

Characteristics of a double bonds in polypeptide chains

A
  • peptide bond has 40% double bond character, therefore limited rotation
  • wo
  • has limited rotation
  • atoms rigidly fixed on a plane
  • restricts possible folding patterns of chains
30
Q

primary structure

A
  • sequence of amino acid residues
31
Q

secondary structures

A
  • the spatial arrangement of the polypeptide backbone
32
Q

tertiary structure

A

the three dimension structure of an entire polypeptide, including all of its sidechains

33
Q

quarternary structure

A

spatial arrangement of polypeptide chains in a protein with multiple subunits

34
Q

what are the secondary structures of proteins usually stabilized by?

A

hydrogen bonds

35
Q

H bonds usually form in the backbone between _____ and ____ groups

A

N-H and C=O groups

36
Q

What are the two major types of secondary structures?

A
  • Alpha helix and beta sheets
37
Q

It is possible for some parts of protein to not have any ____ secondary structure

A

“regular”

38
Q

What are hydrogen bonds?

A

A bond betweeen a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom (acceptor) such as nitrogen or oxygen, when the hydrogen itself is covalently bonded to another electronegative atom (donor)

39
Q
A

BIOCHEM 2280 (1 decks)

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