Topic 9: Rocks Flashcards
What is a Mineral?
Minerals are the substances that make up rocks. Each mineral has its own chemical make up.
What is Lithosphere?
The outer most layer of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
What is Magma?
A mixture of molten rock and gases just below the earths surface.
What is Sediments?
Material broken down by erosion or weathering that is moved by wind or water and settles into layers.
What are Native Elements?
Elements uncombined in the earths crust.
What are Crystals?
Made of atoms and molecules arranged in seven different shapes.
What is Lustre?
The appearance of a crystal caused by the reflection of light.
What is a Streak?
The colour of a mineral as a powder.
What is Hardness?
The measure of how hard it is to scratch the rock.
What are Igneous Rocks?
Rocks that form after lava has cooled and to turned to a solid.
What are Extrusive Rocks?
Lava that cools above the earths surface.
What is Pumice?
A rock that forms from frothy lava that cools in the air.
What is Scoria?
A rock made from gassy lava in the air.
What is Abrasive?
A substance or material that scratches another.
What is Basalt?
Rock formed front the fast cooling of lava
What is Obsidian?
A dark coloured rock that reflects light like glass
What are Intrusive Rocks?
Rocks that are formed below the earths surface
What are Batholiths?
Rocks that span 100km across
What is Granite?
An igneous rock that has different coloured crystals on the outside of it
What are Sedimentary Rocks?
Rocks formed by particles of sediments and is cemented together under pressure
What are Metamorphic Rocks?
Rocks that are formed from other rocks because of intense pressure or heat or both
What is Erosion?
The wearing out of soil and rock by natural elements like water and wind
What is a Floodplain?
Flat land next to a river where sediments are left during a flood
What are Glaciers?
Large bodies of ice that move down slopes
What are Moraines?
Deposits of gravel, rocks and small particles that where formed by glaciers
What is Sandstone?
A sedimentary rock that is formed with sand that is cemented together by salts
What is Mudstone?
A rock formed by fine grains of soils
What is Shale?
Fine grained sedimentary rock that is made of clay
What is Siltstone?
A rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone?
What is Conglomerate?
A rock consisting of large sized particles cemented together
What is Limestone?
A rock formed by deceased organisms
What is Coal?
Rock formed by animal matter over millions of years
What is Rock Salt?
A deposit of sodium usually from evaporated salt lakes
What is Slate?
A rock formed by intensive heat and pressure
What is Gneiss?
Rock formed by the pressurisation of granite
What is a Mineral Ore?
A rock that has been mined to get a mineral or chemical from it
What is Mining?
Extracting resources from the earth
What is a Environmental Impact Statement?
A study on the effects of the impact mining might make on the environment
What is Rehabilitated?
Restored to its previous state
What is Overburden?
Waste rock below to topsoil
What is Open Cut Mining?
Mining that removes layers of soil and rocks and making it an open pit
What is Underground Mining?
Mining in a direct tunnel or shaft towards the minerals
What is the Stone Age?
About 2 million years ago when humans began implementing Stone in tools and weapons
What is Alloy?
A mixture of metal and a non metal or another metal
What is Flint?
A fine grain sedimentary rock that leaves a sharp edge when broken
What is Percussion Flaking?
Striking at flint or obsidian with rocks like quartzite to get large flakes to make small tools
What is a Fossil?
The remains or trace of animal or plant life in the past
What is Erosion?
The wearing out of soil and rock by natural elements like water and wind
What is a Floodplain?
Flat land next to a river where sediments are left during a flood
What are Glaciers?
Large bodies of ice that move down slopes
What are Moraines?
Deposits of gravel, rocks and small particles that where formed by glaciers
What is Sandstone?
A sedimentary rock that is formed with sand that is cemented together by salts
What is Mudstone?
A rock formed by fine grains of soils
What is Shale?
Fine grained sedimentary rock that is made of clay
What is Siltstone?
A rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone?
What is Conglomerate?
A rock consisting of large sized particles cemented together
What is Limestone?
A rock formed by deceased organisms
What is Coal?
Rock formed by animal matter over millions of years
What is Rock Salt?
A deposit of sodium usually from evaporated salt lakes
What is Slate?
A rock formed by intensive heat and pressure
What is Gneiss?
Rock formed by the pressurisation of granite
What is a Mineral Ore?
A rock that has been mined to get a mineral or chemical from it
What is Mining?
Extracting resources from the earth
What is a Environmental Impact Statement?
A study on the effects of the impact mining might make on the environment
What is Rehabilitated?
Restored to its previous state
What is Overburden?
Waste rock below to topsoil
What is Open Cut Mining?
Mining that removes layers of soil and rocks and making it an open pit
What is Underground Mining?
Mining in a direct tunnel or shaft towards the minerals
What is the Stone Age?
About 2 million years ago when humans began implementing Stone in tools and weapons
What is Alloy?
A mixture of metal and a non metal or another metal
What is Flint?
A fine grain sedimentary rock that leaves a sharp edge when broken
What is Percussion Flaking?
Striking at flint or obsidian with rocks like quartzite to get large flakes to make small tools
What is a Fossil?
The remains or trace of animal or plant life in the past
