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Science year 8 > Topic 9 rocks > Flashcards

Topic 9 rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

Minerals

A

Substances that makes up rocks. It is obtained by mining

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer part of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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3
Q

Magma

A

A boiling mixture containing molten rock and gases. It is found just below the earths surface.

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4
Q

Sediments

A

Mineral or organic matter deposited by water, air, or ice.

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5
Q

Native elements

A

Elements found uncombined in the earths crust

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6
Q

Crystal

A

A clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice

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7
Q

Lustre

A

A mineral that describes the way that it reflects light. It is described as glassy or brilliant.

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8
Q

Streak

A

The powdery mark left in a mineral by scraping it on a hard surface like a white ceramic tile

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9
Q

Hardness

A

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.

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10
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rocks that form from hot magma “lava” being cooled down

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11
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Rocks that solidify above ground from lava

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12
Q

Pumice

A

A igneous rock that is used for cleaning and is one of the only rocks that can float

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13
Q

Scoria

A

A dark igneous rock that solidifys from lava that cools quickly

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14
Q

Abrasive

A

A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

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15
Q

Basalt

A

Igneous rock sometimes formed in water, sometimes has holes.

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16
Q

Obsidian

A

Black rock with extremely high lustre, smooth shell

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17
Q

Intrusive rocks

A

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the earths surface

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18
Q

Batholiths

A

Large bodies of intrusive rocks, van stretch over 1000 kilometres.

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19
Q

Granite

A

Common intrusive rock that has crystals that are different colours that are visible.

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20
Q

Minerals

A

Substances that makes up rocks. It is obtained by mining

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21
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer part of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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22
Q

Magma

A

A boiling mixture containing molten rock and gases. It is found just below the earths surface.

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23
Q

Sediments

A

Mineral or organic matter deposited by water, air, or ice.

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24
Q

Native elements

A

Elements found uncombined in the earths crust

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25
Q

Crystal

A

A clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice

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26
Q

Lustre

A

A mineral that describes the way that it reflects light. It is described as glassy or brilliant.

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27
Q

Streak

A

The powdery mark left in a mineral by scraping it on a hard surface like a white ceramic tile

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28
Q

Hardness

A

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.

29
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rocks that form from hot magma “lava” being cooled down

30
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Rocks that solidify above ground from lava

31
Q

Pumice

A

A igneous rock that is used for cleaning and is one of the only rocks that can float

32
Q

Scoria

A

A dark igneous rock that solidifys from lava that cools quickly

33
Q

Abrasive

A

A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

34
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Types of rock that are made when sad, mud and pebbles get laid down in layers. They can also be from in water.

35
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

Contains bands and layers formed by great pressure and another rock under great heat.

36
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by naturally elements like wind

37
Q

Flood plains

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

38
Q

Glaciers

A

Large pieces of ice that move and push rocks and boulders.

39
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by movement of glaciers.

40
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock with medium sized grains that are cemented together by lime, silica and other salts.

41
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine grained sedimentary rock without layering

42
Q

Shale

A

A fine grained sedimentary rock formed in layers

43
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone

44
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

45
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock that is mainly formed from sea elements

46
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock formed from dead organisms

47
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or sea bed dried

48
Q

Metamorphism

A

The process that changes rocks by pressure or heat

49
Q

Slate

A

A fine grained metamorphic rock form d as a result as metamorphism

50
Q

Gneiss

A

A metamorphic rock formed with great pressure

51
Q

Mineral ores

A

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

52
Q

Mining

A

Extraction of natural resources from the earth

53
Q

Environmental impact statement (EIS)

A

Study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

54
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Restored to its previous condition

55
Q

Overburden

A

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. The rock is replaced when the area is restored

56
Q

Open-cut mining

A

Mining that scours our soil and rocks on the surface on the land

57
Q

Underground mining

A

Mining that’s uses shafts no tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

58
Q

Stone age

A

The time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

59
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture with a metal and a non-metal

60
Q

Flint

A

A sedimentary rock that leaves a very sharp edge when broken

61
Q

Percussion flaking

A

A process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools.

62
Q

Fossil

A

Remains or trace of any animal of an animal or plant of a former geological age

63
Q

Palaeontologists

A

A scientist who studies fossils

64
Q

Folding

A

Caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides

65
Q

Relative age

A

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

66
Q

Trace fossils

A

Fossils that provide evidence that an organism was present the rock was formed

67
Q

Extinct

A

Animals and plants that are know longer living and redeveloping

68
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that eat other animals

69
Q

Scavengers

A

Animals that eat dead plants or dead animals

Science year 8 (2 decks)

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