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Science year 8 > Topic 9 rocks > Flashcards

Topic 9 rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals

A

Substances that makes up rocks. It is obtained by mining

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer part of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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3
Q

Magma

A

A boiling mixture containing molten rock and gases. It is found just below the earths surface.

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4
Q

Sediments

A

Mineral or organic matter deposited by water, air, or ice.

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5
Q

Native elements

A

Elements found uncombined in the earths crust

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6
Q

Crystal

A

A clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice

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7
Q

Lustre

A

A mineral that describes the way that it reflects light. It is described as glassy or brilliant.

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8
Q

Streak

A

The powdery mark left in a mineral by scraping it on a hard surface like a white ceramic tile

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9
Q

Hardness

A

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.

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10
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rocks that form from hot magma “lava” being cooled down

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11
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Rocks that solidify above ground from lava

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12
Q

Pumice

A

A igneous rock that is used for cleaning and is one of the only rocks that can float

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13
Q

Scoria

A

A dark igneous rock that solidifys from lava that cools quickly

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14
Q

Abrasive

A

A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

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15
Q

Basalt

A

Igneous rock sometimes formed in water, sometimes has holes.

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16
Q

Obsidian

A

Black rock with extremely high lustre, smooth shell

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17
Q

Intrusive rocks

A

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the earths surface

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18
Q

Batholiths

A

Large bodies of intrusive rocks, van stretch over 1000 kilometres.

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19
Q

Granite

A

Common intrusive rock that has crystals that are different colours that are visible.

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20
Q

Minerals

A

Substances that makes up rocks. It is obtained by mining

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21
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer part of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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22
Q

Magma

A

A boiling mixture containing molten rock and gases. It is found just below the earths surface.

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23
Q

Sediments

A

Mineral or organic matter deposited by water, air, or ice.

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24
Q

Native elements

A

Elements found uncombined in the earths crust

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25
Crystal
A clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice
26
Lustre
A mineral that describes the way that it reflects light. It is described as glassy or brilliant.
27
Streak
The powdery mark left in a mineral by scraping it on a hard surface like a white ceramic tile
28
Hardness
A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.
29
Igneous rocks
Rocks that form from hot magma "lava" being cooled down
30
Extrusive rocks
Rocks that solidify above ground from lava
31
Pumice
A igneous rock that is used for cleaning and is one of the only rocks that can float
32
Scoria
A dark igneous rock that solidifys from lava that cools quickly
33
Abrasive
A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another
34
Sedimentary rocks
Types of rock that are made when sad, mud and pebbles get laid down in layers. They can also be from in water.
35
Metamorphic rocks
Contains bands and layers formed by great pressure and another rock under great heat.
36
Erosion
The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by naturally elements like wind
37
Flood plains
Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods
38
Glaciers
Large pieces of ice that move and push rocks and boulders.
39
Moraines
Deposit left by movement of glaciers.
40
Sandstone
A sedimentary rock with medium sized grains that are cemented together by lime, silica and other salts.
41
Mudstone
A fine grained sedimentary rock without layering
42
Shale
A fine grained sedimentary rock formed in layers
43
Siltstone
A sedimentary rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone
44
Conglomerate
Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together
45
Limestone
A sedimentary rock that is mainly formed from sea elements
46
Coal
A sedimentary rock formed from dead organisms
47
Rock salt
A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or sea bed dried
48
Metamorphism
The process that changes rocks by pressure or heat
49
Slate
A fine grained metamorphic rock form d as a result as metamorphism
50
Gneiss
A metamorphic rock formed with great pressure
51
Mineral ores
Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them
52
Mining
Extraction of natural resources from the earth
53
Environmental impact statement (EIS)
Study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment
54
Rehabilitation
Restored to its previous condition
55
Overburden
Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. The rock is replaced when the area is restored
56
Open-cut mining
Mining that scours our soil and rocks on the surface on the land
57
Underground mining
Mining that's uses shafts no tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface
58
Stone age
The time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone
59
Alloy
A mixture with a metal and a non-metal
60
Flint
A sedimentary rock that leaves a very sharp edge when broken
61
Percussion flaking
A process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools.
62
Fossil
Remains or trace of any animal of an animal or plant of a former geological age
63
Palaeontologists
A scientist who studies fossils
64
Folding
Caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides
65
Relative age
The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock
66
Trace fossils
Fossils that provide evidence that an organism was present the rock was formed
67
Extinct
Animals and plants that are know longer living and redeveloping
68
Carnivores
Animals that eat other animals
69
Scavengers
Animals that eat dead plants or dead animals

Science year 8 (2 decks)

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