Topic 9 Organic chemistry

Question 1

1 What two elements are found in hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

2 Most hydrocarbons contain a chain of atoms of which element?

Answer 2

carbon

Question 3

3 These chains of atoms are linked by covalent bonds. What are shared between atoms in a covalent bond?

Answer 3

electrons

Question 4

4 How many atoms are there in the formula C₆H₁₂?

Answer 4

18

Question 5

5 What is the formula for carbon dioxide?

Answer 5

CO₂

Question 6

6 What is the name of the hydrocarbon gas given off by rotting waste, paddy fields, livestock, and oil and gas exploration?

Answer 6

methane

Question 7

7 In a dot and cross diagram, what do the dots and crosses represent?

Answer 7

electrons

Question 8

8 How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

9 What do alkenes contain that alkanes do not?

Answer 9

a C=C double bond

Question 10

10 What term describes any hydrocarbon that contains a C=C double bond?

Answer 10

unsaturated

Question 11

11 What is the name of the molecule with the molecular formula CH₄?

Answer 11

methane

Question 12

12 What elements are hydrocarbons made of?

Answer 12

hydrogen and carbon

Question 13

13 Which homologous series do compounds with the general formula C_nH_2n+2 belong to?

Answer 13

alkanes

Question 14

14 Name the alkane with three carbon atoms.

Answer 14

propane

Question 15

15 Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated molecules?

Answer 15

saturated

Question 16

16 What functional group do alkenes contain?

Answer 16

C=C

Question 17

17 An alkene has 4 carbon atoms. How many hydrogen atoms does it have?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

18 What is the smallest alkene to have an isomer due to the position of its double bond?

Answer 18

butene

Question 19

19 Give the names of two substances that may be produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but not by complete combustion.

Answer 19

carbon monoxide and carbon

Question 20

20 During combustion, oxidation occurs. What is oxidation?

Answer 20

addition of oxygen or loss of electrons

Question 21

21 Name a natural carbohydrate found in ‘sweet’ foods.

Answer 21

e.g. sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose

Question 22

22 What elements are found in carbohydrates?

Answer 22

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 23

23 Name an alcoholic drink that can be made from grapes.

Answer 23

wine or brandy

Question 24

24 State the kind of mixture that can be separated by fractional distillation.

Answer 24

mixture of liquids

Question 25

25 State the physical property that allows liquids to be separated by fractional distillation.

Answer 25

boiling point

Question 26

26 Name the changes of state that occur during distillation.

Answer 26

evaporation and condensation

Question 27

27 What name is given to any liquid that has been distilled?

Answer 27

distillate

Question 28

28 Name the biological process used to change carbohydrates into alcohol.

Answer 28

fermentation, anaerobic respiration of yeast

Question 29

29 State the chemical name for the alcohol in alcoholic drinks.

Answer 29

ethanol

Question 30

30 Apart from ethanol, what is the other product of fermentation?

Answer 30

carbon dioxide

Question 31

31 State the chemical name for the alcohol in alcoholic drinks.

Answer 31

ethanol

Question 32

32 Name a food or drink that contains alcohol.

Answer 32

any alcoholic drink

Question 33

33 Apart from alcoholic drinks, name another everyday mixture that contains alcohol.

Answer 33

e.g. petrol, aftershave, mouthwash

Question 34

34 State the name of the process that makes alcohol from sugars.

Answer 34

fermentation or yeast anaerobic respiration

Question 35

35 Name the substance in yeast that change sugars into alcohol.

Answer 35

enzymes or zymase

Question 36

36 Name the gas that is formed when sugars are converted to alcohol.

Answer 36

carbon dioxide

Question 37

37 Describe what happens to an alcohol solution during fractional distillation.

Answer 37

the percentage/proportion of alcohol/ethanol in the mixture increases

Question 38

38 State the formula for ethanol.

Answer 38

C₂H₆O or C₂H₅OH

Question 39

39 State the formula for propanol.

Answer 39

C₃H₈O or C₃H₇OH

Question 40

40 Name one other alcohol.

Answer 40

e.g. methanol, butanol, pentanol or hexanol

Question 41

41 Name the alcohol with 1 carbon atom in it.

Answer 41

methanol

Question 42

42 State the formula for propanol.

Answer 42

C₃H₇OH or C₃H₈O

Question 43

43 State the difference between a propane molecule and a propanol molecule.

Answer 43

one oxygen/one OH group

Question 44

44 What group of atoms makes a molecule an alcohol?

Answer 44

–OH

Question 45

45 What do you call a group of atoms in a molecule that defines its homologous series?

Answer 45

functional group

Question 46

46 State the general formula of alcohols.

Answer 46

C_nH_2n+1OH or C_nH_2n+2O

Question 47

47 State the formula of the products of complete combustion of butanol.

Answer 47

CO₂ + H₂O

Question 48

48 State the type of reaction that changes ethanol into ethanoic acid.

Answer 48

oxidation

Question 49

49 Where is a solution of ethanoic acid commonly found in our homes?

Answer 49

vinegar

Question 50

50 State the formula of ethanoic acid.

Answer 50

CH₃COOH

Question 51

51 What is the molecular formula of ethene?

Answer 51

C₂H₄

Question 52

52 What is the molecular formula of propene?

Answer 52

C₃H₆

Question 53

53 What is the molecular formula of butene?

Answer 53

C₄H₈

Question 54

54 What is the name of the homologous series that contains ethene, propene and butene?

Answer 54

alkenes

Question 55

55 What is the general formula of the alkenes?

Answer 55

C_nH_2n

Question 56

56 Are the alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 56

unsaturated

Question 57

57 What type of bond is there between the two carbon atoms in an ethene molecule?

Answer 57

double covalent bond

Question 58

58 What colour change is seen when bromine water is shaken with an alkene?

Answer 58

orange/brown to colourless

Question 59

59 What type of subunits (monomers) is starch made from?

Answer 59

sugar, glucose

Question 60

60 What type of subunits (monomers) are proteins made from?

Answer 60

amino acid

Question 61

61 What is the molecular formula of propene?

Answer 61

C₃H₆

Question 62

62 What is the general formula of the alkenes?

Answer 62

C_nH_2n

Question 63

63 What type of polymerisation does ethene undergo?

Answer 63

addition polymerisation

Question 64

64 What is the name of the polymer formed from ethene?

Answer 64

polyethene

Question 65

65 What is the general name of the small molecules that join together to form a polymer?

Answer 65

monomer

Question 66

66 What is the name of the monomers that form DNA?

Answer 66

nucleotides

Question 67

67 What is the name of the monomers that form starch?

Answer 67

sugars, glucose

Question 68

68 What is the name of the monomers that form proteins?

Answer 68

amino acids

Question 69

69 What is the name of the polymer formed from propene?

Answer 69

polypropene

Question 70

70 What is the name of the monomer that forms polychloroethene

Answer 70

chloroethene

Question 71

71 What is the name of the polymer formed from propene?

Answer 71

polypropene

Question 72

72 What is the name of the monomer that forms polyethanol

Answer 72

ethenol

Question 73

73 What is the name of the polymer formed from chloroethene?

Answer 73

polychloroethene

Question 74

74 What is the name of the monomer that forms polytetrafluoroethene?

Answer 74

tetrafluoroethene

Question 75

75 What type of polymerisation do alkenes undergo?

Answer 75

addition polymerisation

Question 76

76 Which polymer is used as a non-stick coating on frying pans?

Answer 76

polytetrafluoroethene or PTFE

Question 77

77 Which polymer is used to make window frames?

Answer 77

polychloroethene or PVC

Question 78

78 Give a property needed by a polymer that is used to cover electrical wires.

Answer 78

flexible, insulator

Question 79

79 What is the structural formula of ethanol?

Answer 79

C₂H₅OH or drawn out displayed formula

Question 80

80 What is the structural formula of ethanoic acid?

Answer 80

CH₃COOH or drawn out displayed formula

Question 81

81 What is the raw material for obtaining alkenes?

Answer 81

crude oil

Question 82

82 Is crude oil renewable or non-renewable?

Answer 82

non-renewable

Question 83

83 What type of polymerisation do alkenes undergo?

Answer 83

addition polymerisation

Question 84

84 What is the raw material for making addition polymers?

Answer 84

crude oil

Question 85

85 Is polyethene) a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer?

Answer 85

synthetic

Question 86

86 What is meant by biodegradable?

Answer 86

broken down by microorganisms

Question 87

87 Is polyethene) biodegradable or non-biodegradable?

Answer 87

non-biodegradable

Question 88

88 Why is it not a good idea to dispose of polyethene) in a landfill site?

Answer 88

it remains there for many years, taking up space

Question 89

89 Polymers can be burned to produce energy. What is a disadvantage of burning polymers?

Answer 89

may produce toxic, harmful, acidic, greenhouse gases

Question 90

90 Many polymers can be recycled. What has to happen to the polymers before they can be made into a new item?

Answer 90

washed, sorted into types, melted