Topic 9 - Ecosystems And Material Cycles Flashcards
Define an environment
The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animals or plants operate.
How does temperature affect an organism?
All animals are adapted to survive between a minimum and maximum temperature. Also, some animals are cold blooded or normal body temperature.
What is a parasite?
Parasites are organisms that feed off another living organism called one host.
Give two examples of a parasite.
Fleas
Headlice
Tapeworms
Mistletoe
Give an example of mutualism.
Cleaner fish
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Oxpeckers that clean other species.
What is each level in a food chain called?
A tropic level
Calculate the percentage of energy captured during photosynthesis that is converted into new growth in the large fish:
NG of Large Fish (top of pyramid) = 6
TE of water plants (bottom of pyramid) = 22500
6/22500 = 0.00026667 X 100 = 0.03%
Why are pellets are good thing in fish farms?
The pellets will help the salmon grow because the fish can eat at their own speed and they will have a better diet. Also, they are supposed to be better for fish because they sink and the salmon won’t just gulp air. And it helps digestive health.
Give one example of an invasive species.
The Cane Toad.
Describe the process of eutrophication:
- Excess nitrates and phosphates used as fertilisers.
- Washed out of soil into lakes and rivers.
- Nitrates and phosphates cause an algae boom. Algae cover the surface of water.
- Algae prevent sunlight reaching aquatic plants. They die.
- Dead plants and algae accumulate at the bottom of the lake.
- Increase in decomposers remove oxygen from the water due to respiration.
What do decomposers do in the nitrogen cycle?
Decomposers convert proteins into ammonia.
What do nitrifying bacteria do?
Convert ammonia to nitrates
Nitrogen fixing bacteria? What do they do?
Convert nitrogen gas to nitrates
Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen Gas
Ok
Name one air pollution indicator
Lichen
Blackspot fungus
