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GCSE WJEC Physics > Topic 9 - Distance, Speed and Acceleration > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Distance, Speed and Acceleration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for average speed?

A

Total distance/total time

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2
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

Only has a magnitude, no direction.

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3
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

Has a magnitude and a direction

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4
Q

What kind of quantity is speed?

A

Scalar

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5
Q

What kind of quantity is velocity?

A

Vector

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6
Q

What is distance?

A

How far an object moves

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7
Q

What kind of quantity is distance?

A

Scalar

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8
Q

What is displacement?

A

The distance an object moves in a straight line from a starting point to a finishing point.

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9
Q

What kind of quantity is displacement?

A

Vector

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10
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Change in velocity/time taken

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11
Q

What is acceleration measured in?

A

m/s2

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12
Q

Key Equation 1

A

Distance = (initial speed x time) + ½ (acceleration x time squared)

x = ut + ½at2

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13
Q

Key Equation 2

A

Distance = ½ (initial speed + final speed) × time

x = ½ (u + v) t

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14
Q

Key Equation 3

A

(Final speed)2 – (initial speed)2 = 2 × acceleration × distance.
v2 - u2 = 2ax

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15
Q

Key Equation 4

A

Final speed = initial speed + (acceleration x time).

v = u + at

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16
Q

What does a distance-time graph have on the y-axis?

A

Distance

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17
Q

What does a distance-time graph have on the x-axis?

A

Time

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18
Q

On a distance-time graph, what does a straight line represent?

A

Motion at a constant speed

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19
Q

On a distance-time graph, what does a horizontal line represent?

A

A stationary object

20
Q

How is deceleration shown on a distance-time graph?

A

The gradient will become less steep

21
Q

How is acceleration shown on a distance-time graph?

A

The gradient will become steeper

22
Q

What does a speed-time graph have on the y-axis?

A

Speed

23
Q

What does a speed-time graph have on the x-axis?

A

Time

24
Q

On a speed-time graph, what does a horizontal line represent?

A

No acceleration

25
Q

On a speed-time graph, what does a positive gradient represent?

A

Acceleration

26
Q

On a speed-time graph, what does a negative gradient represent?

A

Deceleration

27
Q

On a speed-time graph, what does a horizontal line on the x-axis represent?

A

A stationary object

28
Q

On a speed-time graph, what does a curved line represent?

A

An object is accelerating or decelerating at a rate that is not constant.

29
Q

How do you find the distance travelled by an object using a speed-time graph?

A

Calculate the area under the graph

30
Q

What is the area of a triangle?

A

1/2 x base x height

31
Q

What is the area of a rectangle?

A

Base x height

32
Q

What is the area of a trapezium?

A

1/2(a+b)h

33
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

The distance it takes a car to stop in an emergency

34
Q

How can the stopping distance be calculated?

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

35
Q

What is reaction time?

A

The time it takes for a driver to react to a situation, during which the car carries on moving.

36
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance travelled between when the driver realises they need to brake and when they apply the brakes.

37
Q

What is the braking distance?

A

The distance the car travels between the driver applying the brakes and the car stopping.

38
Q

What are the factors affecting thinking distance?

A

Tiredness, distractions, drugs/alcohol

39
Q

How does tiredness affect the thinking distance?

A

Tired drivers will react more slowly in an emergency, stopping distance is larger.

40
Q

How do distractions affect the thinking distance?

A

Distractions will cause a driver to react more slowly in an emergency e.g. mobile phones or small children, stopping distance is larger.

41
Q

How do drugs and alcohol affect the thinking distance?

A

Drivers under the influence of drugs or alcohol will react more slowly in an emergency, stopping distance is larger.

42
Q

What are the factors affecting braking distance?

A

Initial car speed, condition of the car, road conditions

43
Q

How does initial car speed affect the braking distance?

A

The faster a car is travelling, the further it will travel before it comes to a stop.

44
Q

How does the condition of the car affect the braking distance?

A

If a car’s brakes or tyres are in a poor condition, then the braking distance will increase.

45
Q

How does the condition of the road affect the braking distance?

A

Wet or icy conditions will increase the braking distance.

GCSE WJEC Physics (3 decks)

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