Topic 9: Control, punishment and victims

Question 1

Clarke

Answer 1

Situational crime prevention- a pre-emptiness approach that relies bit in improving society/it’s institutions but on reducing opportunities for crime. Three feature of these assures are: they are directed at specific crimes, they involve managing or altering the immediate environment of the crime and they aim to increase the effort/risks while reducing the rewards.
Target hardening eg locking doors, security guards
Underlying these approaches is rational choice theory- that criminals rationally way up the cost/benefits of crime before deciding whether to commit it. Contrasts with theories of crime that aim to tackle root causes- Clarke argues these offer no realistic solutions

Question 2

Folsom

Answer 2

Example of situational crime prevention strategy- Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City was poorly designed and provided opportunities for deviance eg luggage thefts, rough sleeping, drug dealing and homosexual liaisons. Re-shaping the physical environment to design crime out great,u rescued by his eg large sinks which the homeless used for bathing were replaced by small hand basins.