Topic 8: proton transfer reactions

Question 1

what are bronsted-lowry acids?

Answer 1

proton donors

Question 2

what are bronsted-lowry bases?

Answer 2

proton acceptors

Question 3

what is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Answer 3

two species that differ by a proton

Question 4

what are amphiprotic species?

Answer 4

act as both a bronsted-lowry acid and base

Question 5

what is an example of an amphiprotic species?

Answer 5

water

Question 6

what does the pH scale measure?

Answer 6

how acidic or basic a substance is

Question 7

what is the pH equation using (H+)?

Answer 7

pH = -log(H+)

Question 8

what is the equation for concentration of H+ ions?

Answer 8

(H+) = 10^-pH

Question 9

what happens to concentration when the the pH unit is changed by one?

Answer 9

a ten times change in H+ concentraon

Question 10

what ions does water dissociate into?

Answer 10

hydronium and hydroxide
or
hydrogen and hydroxide

Question 12

what is the relationship between the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions when water dissociates?

Answer 12

they are equal to each other

Question 13

what does the ionic product constant equation exclude and what should it look like?

Answer 13

excludes H2O
Kw = (H+)(OH-)

Question 14

what is the value of Kw at 298 K?

Answer 14

1.00 x 10^-14

Question 15

strong acids ____ dissociates in solution

Answer 15

completely

Question 16

weak acids ____ dissociates in solution

Answer 16

partially

Question 17

what arrow is used to represent the dissociation of a strong acid?

Answer 17

one way arrow

Question 18

what arrow is used to represent the dissociation of a weak acid?

Answer 18

two way arrow/ reversible arrow

Question 19

which side does equilibrium lie in the dissociation of strong acid equation and why?

Answer 19

right because there are more concentration of H+ ions and conjugate base

Question 20

which side does equilibrium lie in the dissociation of weak acid equation and why?

Answer 20

left because more acid is left

Question 21

what are examples of strong acids?

Answer 21

HCl, HNO3, H3PO4 (all numbers are subscripts)

Question 22

stronger acids create ____(weaker/stronger) conjugate base.

Answer 22

weaker

Question 23

what are the methods of distinguishing between weak and strong acids/bases?

Answer 23

• electrical conductivity: stronger acid = higher conductivity because more mobile ions
• Rate of reaction with active metals: higher conductivity = faster rate because higher conc. of H+ (only for acids)
• pH level

Question 24

what does acid + metal hydroxide produce?

Answer 24

salt + water

Question 25

what does acid + metal oxide produce?

Answer 25

salt + water

Question 26

what does acid + metal carbonate produce?

Answer 26

salt + water + carbon dioxide