Topic 8. Programming

Question 1

What are the data types?

Answer 1

Integer
Real
Char
String
Boolean

Question 2

What type of data is an integer?

Answer 2

A whole number (5.-267.153489)

Question 3

What type of data is a real?

Answer 3

A number with a decimal point (3.142,56.0,-0.75)

Question 4

What type of data is a char?

Answer 4

A single character enclosed in single quotes (‘A’,’#’,’6’,’&’)

Question 5

What type of data is a string?

Answer 5

Zero or more characters enclosed in double quotes (“Yes”,”Hi, John”)

Question 6

What is a constant?

Answer 6

A named piece of memory where the value cannot be changed while a program runs.

Question 7

What is a variable?

Answer 7

A location in memory that holds one or more values.

Question 8

How do you declare a constant in pseudocode?

Answer 8

CONSTANT VAT <— 0.2

Question 9

How do you declare a variable in pseudocode?

Answer 9

A variable is assigned a value in pseudocode using the <—

Question 10

Write pseudocode which asks the user to enter two numbers representing the length and width of a rectangle, then calculates and prints the area

Answer 10

INPUT length
INPUT width
OUTPUT “Area = “, Length * Width

Question 11

What are the arithmetic operators and what do they mean?

Answer 11

+ addition
- subtraction
/ division
* multiplication
^ raised to the power of
MOD modulus (The remainder that is left over when a number is divided by another)
DIV Quotient (Integer division divides two integers and discards any remainder)

Question 12

What are the logical operators and what do they mean?

Answer 12

= Equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal
> Greater than
=> Greater than or equal
<> Not equal to

Question 13

What is a boolean expression?

Answer 13

The expressions that evaluate a condition and result in a Boolean value i.e true or false.

Question 14

What is a sequence?

Answer 14

Two or more statements written and executed one after the other in sequence

Question 15

What is a selection statement?

Answer 15

A selection statement comprises an IF or CASE statement and a logical expression

Question 16

What is a boolean operators?

Answer 16

The logical operators AND and OR are used to combine two or more conditions
The logical operator NOT may be used to test whether a condition is NOT satisfied

Question 17

When do we use an IF statement?

Answer 17

An IF statement may be nested inside another IF statement. For example suppose we wanted to output the largest of three numbers entered. The pseudocode could be written:

IF Num 1>= Num2 AND Num1 >= Num3

THEN
OUTPUT Num1

ELSE
IF Num 2 >= Num 1 AND Num 2 >= Num3
THEN
OUTPUT Num2
ELSE
OUTPUT Num 3

 ENDIF

ENDIF

Question 18

How would you use a for loop?

Answer 18

EXAMPLE

This code will print all the numbers between 1 and 10:

FOR count <— 1 TO 10
OUTPUT Count
NEXT Count

Question 19

What is a FOR loop?

Answer 19

A count-controlled loop

Question 20

What is a WHILE loop?

Answer 20

A pre-conditioned loop controlled by a Boolean condition which is checked before the loop is entered