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Edexcel GCSE Chemistry - Pirated > Topic 8 Fuels and Earth science > Flashcards

Topic 8 Fuels and Earth science Flashcards

1
Q

1 What are the chemical symbols for the elements carbon and hydrogen?

A

C; H

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2
Q

2 What type of bond (ionic, metallic or covalent) is found in simple molecules?

A

covalent

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3
Q

3 What state (solid, liquid or gas) is crude oil at room temperature?

A

liquid

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4
Q

4 How many shared electrons are there in a covalent bond?

A

two

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5
Q

5 Which element forms long chains in simple polymers such as polyethene

A

carbon

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6
Q

6 Which type of compound only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms?

A

hydrocarbon

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7
Q

7 Are ‘petrochemicals’ made from petrol, rock or crude oil?

A

crude oil

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8
Q

8 How many years hundreds, thousands or millions) does it take for crude oil to form?

A

millions

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9
Q

9 If something is not being made any more, is it described as ‘finite’ or as ‘non-renewable’?

A

finite

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10
Q

10 About how many litres of crude oil does the world use each second 180, 1800 or 180 000)?

A

180 000

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11
Q

11 Name the two elements found in hydrocarbons.

A

carbon; hydrogen

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12
Q

12 Crude oil is forming extremely slowly. Does this make it a finite resource or a non-renewable one?

A

finite

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13
Q

13 Petrol comes from crude oil. Give one use for petrol.

A

fuel for cars

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14
Q

14 Name the main hydrocarbon found in natural gas.

A

methane

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15
Q

15 Diesel oil is being used up faster than crude oil forms. Does this make it a finite resource or a non-renewable one?

A

non-renewable

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16
Q

16 Name the polymer formed from ethene, which comes from crude oil.

A

polyethene

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17
Q

17 Name the state change that occurs when a gas becomes a liquid.

A

condensing/condensation

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18
Q

18 What bonds or forces exist between molecules ionic, covalent or intermolecular)?

A

intermolecular forces

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19
Q

19 Compared with metals, do simple molecules typically have high boiling points or low ones?

A

low

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20
Q

20 Name the method used to separate a mixture of two or more liquids with different boiling points.

A

fractional distillation

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21
Q

21 Give one typical use of fuel oil.

A

fuel for large ships/fuel for some power stations

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22
Q

22 Crude oil is a source of feedstock. Give one other type of useful substance from crude oil.

A

fuels

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23
Q

23 Is crude oil described as a finite resource or an infinite resource?

A

finite

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24
Q

24 Name a non-renewable fossil fuel obtained from crude oil.

A

petrol/kerosene/diesel oil/fuel oil

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25
25 Name the main non-renewable fossil fuel in natural gas.
methane
26
26 What process is used to separate crude oil into useful mixtures?
fractional distillation
27
27 Give one use for the gases fraction from crude oil.
domestic heating/cooking
28
28 Which fraction is more easily ignited, bitumen or kerosene?
kerosene
29
29 Which fraction is more viscous, bitumen or kerosene?
bitumen
30
30 Which hydrocarbons have the greater boiling points, the ones with larger molecules or the ones with smaller molecules?
larger molecules
31
31 Which elements are present in hydrocarbon molecules?
carbon; hydrogen
32
32 What is the most abundant element in air?
nitrogen/N2
33
33 Which gas reacts with hydrocarbons when they burn?
oxygen/O2
34
34 Name one fossil fuel used in cars.
petrol/diesel oil
35
35 Name a gas produced when carbon burns.
carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide
36
36 What compound forms when hydrogen burns in air?
water
37
37 What is the main fossil fuel in natural gas?
methane
38
38 To get a roaring blue Bunsen burner flame, do you open or close the air hole?
open it
39
39 Which cells in the blood carry oxygen around the body?
red blood cells
40
40 What is the black solid element found in soot and smoke?
carbon
41
41 What are the products of the complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
carbon dioxide; water
42
42 Which gas is produced during incomplete combustion, but not complete combustion, of hydrocarbon fuels?
carbon monoxide
43
43 What solid element is produced during the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
carbon
44
44 Name the fuel used for large ships and some power stations.
fuel oil
45
45 Which gas reacts with hydrocarbon fuels when they burn?
oxygen
46
46 What is the pH of pure water?
7
47
47 Name the gas formed when acids react with metals.
hydrogen (MASH)
48
48 Name the gas formed when acids react with calcium carbonate.
carbon dioxide (CASHOCO)
49
49 Name the most abundant gas in the air.
nitrogen
50
50 Name the solid yellow element placed below oxygen in group 6 of the period table.
sulfur
51
51 Name one hydrocarbon fuel used for cars.
petrol; diesel
52
52 Which fraction ignites more easily, kerosene or fuel oil?
kerosene
53
53 Which fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with the longer molecules, gases or bitumen?
bitumen
54
54 Name the process used to separate crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures.
fractional distillation
55
55 Name the homologous series to which ethane belongs.
alkanes
56
56 What are the two products of complete combustion of ethane?
carbon dioxide; water
57
57 What type of rain forms when sulfur dioxide, from some hydrocarbon fuels, dissolves in rainwater?
acid
58
58 Name the greenhouse gas released when any hydrocarbon fuel burns.
carbon dioxide
59
59 Which occupies the least volume, 1 kg of hydrogen gas or 1 kg of liquid hydrogen?
1 kg of liquid hydrogen
60
60 Is crude oil a finite resource or a renewable resource?
finite resource
61
61 Which common compound of carbon and oxygen is thought to have been an abundant gas in Earth’s early atmosphere?
carbon dioxide
62
62 What are the names of the Earth’s two nearest neighbouring planets?
Venus and Mars
63
63 Name the biological process that increases oxygen levels and reduces carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
photosynthesis
64
64 What geological feature of a planet’s surface can give out large amounts of hot gas?
volcano
65
65 Name the physical process that describes changing a vapour into liquid.
condensation
66
66 What type of reaction occurs when a metal gains oxygen?
oxidation
67
67 How old do scientists think the Earth is: 4.5 billion years, 4.5 million years or 450 000 years?
4.5 billion years
68
68 What sort of rocks are formed from layers of deposited material?
sedimentary rocks
69
69 Which gaseous element forms most of the Earth’s atmosphere today?
nitrogen
70
70 Titan is an icy moon of Saturn. What is ice made of?
water
71
71 Where were the gases that formed the Earth’s early atmosphere released from?
volcanoes
72
72 What two compounds are thought to have formed most of the Earth’s early atmosphere?
water, carbon dioxide
73
73 What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide?
turns limewater milky/cloudy
74
74 What element forms most of the Earth’s atmosphere today?
nitrogen
75
75 Which element that makes up about 21% of the atmosphere of Earth today was not thought to be present in the atmosphere 4.5 billion years ago?
oxygen
76
76 As the Earth evolved, chemical reactions with what element are thought to have slowed the release of oxygen to the atmosphere?
iron
77
77 What gas given out by volcanoes is thought to have condensed to form oceans?
water vapour
78
78 What factor has caused changes in Earth’s atmosphere but is not found on Venus or Mars?
life
79
79 What process in plants releases oxygen?
photosynthesis
80
80 What is the chemical test for oxygen?
relights a glowing splint
81
81 The relighting of a glowing splint is the test for what gas?
oxygen
82
82 Why did the formation of the Earth’s early oceans cause a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?
the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water
83
83 What do some sea creatures use dissolved carbon dioxide to help them do?
form shells
84
84 What sort of chemical compound are shells made from: an oxide, a carbonate or a chloride?
carbonate
85
85 What is the formula for calcium carbonate?
CaCO3
86
86 What process in plants and algae causes a reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?
photosynthesis
87
87 Photosynthesis affects the concentrations of two gases in the atmosphere – carbon dioxide, and what other gas?
oxygen
88
88 Give the name of some of the earliest photosynthetic microorganisms.
cyanobacteria
89
89 Certain gases in the atmosphere keep the Earth warm. What is this effect called?
greenhouse effect
90
90 Give the name of one of the most common greenhouse gases.
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour
91
91 Name three greenhouse gases.
methane, carbon dioxide, water vapour, CFCs and many others
92
92 Energy is transferred from the Sun by what?
infrared/electromagnetic) radiation/waves/light
93
93 The warm Earth emits what type of electromagnetic waves?
infrared
94
94 In an atmosphere containing greenhouse gases, what happens to some of the infrared waves that the Earth emits?
absorbed and re-emitted in all directions
95
95 Why do modern thermometers give better quality evidence than those from the 18th century?
thermometers are now more accurate/have a better resolution
96
96 What word beginning with c describes the way in which two variables appear to be linked because they show similar patterns of change?
correlation
97
97 What term is used to describe the changes to average weather conditions around the world?
climate change
98
98 Evidence for carbon dioxide variations over the last 800 000 years comes from Antarctica. In what form is this evidence?
ice cores
99
99 What type of human activity has mainly increased the level of greenhouse gases since 1750?
burning fossil fuels
100
100 The acidity of the oceans is increasing due to more carbon dioxide dissolving in the water. What is this doing to the pH of the oceans?
decreasing it/making it more acidic

Edexcel GCSE Chemistry - Pirated (13 decks)

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