Topic 8: Evolution Flashcards
What are the 4 Steps of Evolution?
Variation, Heritability, Overproduction of offspring, and Reproduction Advantage.
(VHOR)
What is the first step of evolution?
Variation: Individuals have unique variations of the same trait.
What is the second step of evolution?
Heritability: The variations are passed down to the offspring.
What is the third step of evolution?
Overproduction of offspring: There are limited resources available or there is a threat where only the best of individuals survives.
What is the fourth (and fifth) step of evolution?
Reproduction Advantage: If individual survives, they can pass down their offspring. Then, it repeats back to step one.
What does natural selection mean?
Process of environment favoring a certain trait, increasing chances of survival and reproduction.
What is evolution?
The result of a species changing over time.
What is adaptation?
A trait that gives an individual/group an advantage to survive and reproduce.
What is fitness?
Reproductive success of an organism
What are the 5 evidences for evolution?
Fossil records, biogeography, anatomy, molecular biology, and experiments.
How do fossil records show evolution?
Looking at fossils show various species of life on Earth and connecting them to modern day animals
How does biogeography show evolution?
They show differences within the same species, showing how they evolved to fit environment.
Homologous vs Analogous Structure
Homologous: Same bone structure, different functions
Analogous: Different bone structure, same function
What are derived traits?
Traits that recently evolved in a species.
What is an ancestral trait?
“left over” traits from previous species’ evolution
