Topic 8 development in high school Flashcards
Oral and written language development
- Increased size and depth of vocabulary especially the literate lexicon (e.g. words that occur commonly in textbooks and more formal presentations)
- Conversational maturity, utterance length, comprehension, and production of complex sentences and linguistic cohesive devices, and the use of low-frequency syntactic structures that occur more frequently in the written form (e.g. expanded verb phrases)
- Shift in focus (in both speaking and writing) from content facts to content schema (e.g. expository text/compare and contrast)
- Higher-order language refinement: metalinguistic area of language use (non-literal and figurative uses of language)
- Reading complicated texts can obtain and synthesise new information from a variety of sources.
- Increased use of planning and organisational strategies in both oral and written work.
Development of language content
-Vocabulary development:
-Organisation of vocabulary
-Word definitions
-Figurative language development
Development of language form
- Complex sentences
- Compound sentence
Language use and metalinguistic development
- Conversation: in high school, mature conversation abilities have developed including:
*The ability to direct the communication partners’ attention.
*The use of appropriate nonverbals,
*The provision of verbal and nonverbal feedback. Verbal feedback, including words like ‘yeah’ etc. occurs on about 20% of utterances to show understanding or agreement and provide encouragement.
Language use and metalinguistic development
in high school, mature conversation abilities have developed including:
*The ability to direct the communication partners’ attention.
*The use of appropriate nonverbals, such as the use of eye contact, particularly while listening, and the use of appropriate facial expressions.
*The provision of verbal and nonverbal feedback. Verbal feedback, including words like ‘yeah’ etc. occurs on about 20% of utterances to show understanding or agreement and provide encouragement.
- Narrative
continue to develop as they learn to use narratives for a wider range of purposes, become more sophisticated as adolescents develop cognitively, linguistically, and socially, and as they are exposed to more life experiences and literature. learn to produce both persuasive texts and use oral persuasion
Metalinguistic development
*Analyses sentences at various levels
*Understands various forms of figurative language
*Creates humour through lexical ambiguity
*Judges correctness/explains source of error
Written language development
continue to see develops in text level reading and writing. increase in the ability to actively engage in print and to read and wrote with purpose. . Cognitive and executive functioning skills for mature textual writing continues into adulthood. can revise all aspects of their writing, further improving compositional qualities.
Speech development
*acquire independent control of articulators in terms of automaticity and flexibility.
*The speech of adolescents is distinct from that of adults in terms of the duration of sounds and words, as well as other acoustic characteristics that set one sound apart from another.
*Adolescents’ speech is slower and more variable than that of adults.
*Adult-like compression and production of prosody is still developing up to age of 12 years and beyond.
*continue to develop coarticulation
Development of knowledge about speech sounds
- Acoustic-perceptual knowledge
- Articulatory knowledge
- Higher level phonological knowledge
- Social-indexical knowledge
Fluency:
. Typical fluency can be impacted by the motoric, linguistic, emotional and cognitive factors of a speaking situation:
- Motoric: factors such as fatigue, tiredness, rate of speech.
- Linguistic: language demands, load required
- Cognitive: complexity of the speaking task
- Emotional: positive or negative emotions related to a speaking task
Voice:
Voice changes are expected during adolescence in both females and males, with the most amount of change expected between 13.5-14.5 years of age. These changes are influenced by hormone changes. Drop in pitch.
