topic 8 Flashcards
What are the two types of hadrons
Mesons (pion and kaon) and Baryons (protons and neutrons)
What are mesons made up of
1 quark and 1 anti-quark
What are baryons made up of
3 quarks or 3 anti-quarks
What are quarks
fundamental particles
What are the types of quarks
up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top
What is the charge of a up quark
2/3
What is the charge of a down quark
-1/3
What is the charge of a strange quark
-1/3
What is the charge of a top quark
2/3
What is the charge of a bottom quark
-1/3
What is the charge of a charm quark
2/3
What is the baryon number of a up quark
1/3
What is the baryon number of a down quark
1/3
What is the baryon number of a strange quark
1/3
What is the baryon number of a top quark
1/3
What is the baryon number of a bottom quark
1/3
What is the baryon number of a charm quark
1/3
Which quarks have strangeness and what is it
Strange quark = -1 anti-strange = 1
Can quarks be isolated
NO!
What are leptons? give an examples
Fundamental particle, electron, muon and tau
What does each lepton always have
one neutrino
What are the laws of particle interaction
1 - Momentum and energy is conserved 2 - Charge is conserved 3 - Lepton number conserved 4 - Baryon number is conserved 5 - Strangeness is conserved
What happens when energy is converted into mass
Equal amounts of matter and antimatter are created
How does the GM tube work?
Particles ionise in the gas, produces ions and electrons that discharge when they reach electrodes producing a pulse of electricity
What is the bubble chamber and how does it work?
Heated hydrogen liquid will bubble when an ion passes. These bubbles can be observed.
Radius of particle path = mass and charge in a field.
Used to see what they collide into
What does a synochrotron do
Increases magnetic field so radius of a particle beam can be kept constant
How was the neutron discovered
Mass was to great to only contain protons,
Found that beryllium radiation was a neutral particle
How was the model for the atom made
Alpha particles fired at a cold sheet, most passed through = mostly empty space, some had small defelections others more, and some were even deflected at 90* = Nucleus is small dense and positive
What is thermonic emission and what do they gain, and what can this be used to make
When electrons leave a metal through heating
Gain kinetic energy depending on the voltage E=eV
can be used to make a cathode ray
What must be conserved in particle collisions
Charge, baryon number, lepton number and strangeness
