topic 8

Question 1

What are the two types of hadrons

Answer 1

Mesons (pion and kaon) and Baryons (protons and neutrons)

Question 2

What are mesons made up of

Answer 2

1 quark and 1 anti-quark

Question 3

What are baryons made up of

Answer 3

3 quarks or 3 anti-quarks

Question 4

What are quarks

Answer 4

fundamental particles

Question 5

What are the types of quarks

Answer 5

up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top

Question 6

What is the charge of a up quark

Answer 6

2/3

Question 7

What is the charge of a down quark

Answer 7

-1/3

Question 8

What is the charge of a strange quark

Answer 8

-1/3

Question 9

What is the charge of a top quark

Answer 9

2/3

Question 10

What is the charge of a bottom quark

Answer 10

-1/3

Question 11

What is the charge of a charm quark

Answer 11

2/3

Question 12

What is the baryon number of a up quark

Answer 12

1/3

Question 13

What is the baryon number of a down quark

Answer 13

1/3

Question 14

What is the baryon number of a strange quark

Answer 14

1/3

Question 15

What is the baryon number of a top quark

Answer 15

1/3

Question 16

What is the baryon number of a bottom quark

Answer 16

1/3

Question 17

What is the baryon number of a charm quark

Answer 17

1/3

Question 18

Which quarks have strangeness and what is it

Answer 18

Strange quark = -1 anti-strange = 1

Question 19

Can quarks be isolated

Answer 19

NO!

Question 20

What are leptons? give an examples

Answer 20

Fundamental particle, electron, muon and tau

Question 21

What does each lepton always have

Answer 21

one neutrino

Question 22

What are the laws of particle interaction

Answer 22

1 - Momentum and energy is conserved
2 - Charge is conserved
3 - Lepton number conserved
4 - Baryon number is conserved
5 - Strangeness is conserved

Question 23

What happens when energy is converted into mass

Answer 23

Equal amounts of matter and antimatter are created

Question 24

How does the GM tube work?

Answer 24

Particles ionise in the gas, produces ions and electrons that discharge when they reach electrodes producing a pulse of electricity

Question 25

What is the bubble chamber and how does it work?

Answer 25

Heated hydrogen liquid will bubble when an ion passes. These bubbles can be observed.
Radius of particle path = mass and charge in a field.
Used to see what they collide into

Question 26

What does a synochrotron do

Answer 26

Increases magnetic field so radius of a particle beam can be kept constant

Question 27

How was the neutron discovered

Answer 27

Mass was to great to only contain protons,

Found that beryllium radiation was a neutral particle

Question 28

How was the model for the atom made

Answer 28

Alpha particles fired at a cold sheet, most passed through = mostly empty space, some had small defelections others more, and some were even deflected at 90* = Nucleus is small dense and positive

Question 29

What is thermonic emission and what do they gain, and what can this be used to make

Answer 29

When electrons leave a metal through heating
Gain kinetic energy depending on the voltage E=eV
can be used to make a cathode ray

Question 30

What must be conserved in particle collisions

Answer 30

Charge, baryon number, lepton number and strangeness