Topic 8

Question 1

What is a program?

Answer 1

A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

Question 2

What is programming?

Answer 2

The process of writing instructions for a computer to execute.

Question 3

What are the elements of programming?

Answer 3

• Variables
• Constants
• Data types
• Operators
• Control structures

Question 4

Why is programming important?

Answer 4

It enables the creation of software applications that drive technology.

Question 5

What would the world look like without programming?

Answer 5

Limited technology and automation; reliance on manual processes.

Question 6

What is the first program typically written in Python?

Answer 6

print(“Hello world”)

Question 7

What is a variable in programming?

Answer 7

A storage location identified by a name that holds a value.

Question 8

What are the basic data types in Python?

Answer 8

• INTEGER
• FLOAT
• STRING
• BOOLEAN
• DATE
• CHARACTER

Question 9

What does the command ‘print(“hello”, “how”, “are”, “you”)’ do?

Answer 9

Prints the words with spaces in between.

Question 10

How do you take string input in Python?

Answer 10

name=input(“What is your name?”)

Question 11

What is a conditional statement?

Answer 11

A statement that executes different actions based on whether a condition is true or false.

Question 12

What is the structure of an IF statement?

Answer 12

IF <condition> THEN <action> ELSE <alternative></alternative></action></condition>

Question 13

What is the purpose of the ‘else’ clause in conditional statements?

Answer 13

To define an alternative action when the condition is false.

Question 14

What does the ‘==’ operator do?

Answer 14

Checks if two values are equal.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: In Python, __________ is used to check if a value is not equal to another value.

Answer 15

!=

Question 16

What is the difference between a while loop and a repeat until loop?

Answer 16

While loop checks the condition before executing; repeat until checks after.

Question 17

What is the syntax for a for loop in Python?

Answer 17

for i in range(start, end):

Question 18

What is the purpose of the ‘break’ statement in loops?

Answer 18

To exit the loop prematurely.

Question 19

What is iteration?

Answer 19

The process of executing a set of statements repeatedly.

Question 20

What is a pre-condition loop?

Answer 20

A loop where the condition is tested before executing the loop body.

Question 21

What is a post-condition loop?

Answer 21

A loop where the condition is tested after executing the loop body.

Question 22

What does the modulus operator (%) do?

Answer 22

Returns the remainder of a division operation.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: In Python, __________ is used to create a loop that iterates a specific number of times.

Answer 23

for

Question 24

What is selection in programming?

Answer 24

The process of choosing which action to perform based on conditions.

Question 25

What is an example of a sequence in programming?

Answer 25

The order of operations in a program that must be followed.

Question 26

True or False: A while loop can run zero times.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: A repeat until loop will always execute at least once.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the purpose of the 'elif' statement?

Answer 28

To check multiple conditions in a conditional structure.

Question 29

What does the following code do? 'if(a > b and a > c):'

Answer 29

Checks if 'a' is greater than both 'b' and 'c'.

Question 30

What is the output of '10 % 2'?

Answer 30

0

Question 31

What does the 'case' structure allow in programming?

Answer 31

To execute one out of several branches based on the value of a variable.

Question 32

What is a count-controlled loop?

Answer 32

A loop where you know beforehand how many times it should run.

Question 33

What is the pseudocode structure for a count-controlled loop?

Answer 33

FOR a← 0 to 4 OUTPUT “Hello” ENDFOR

Question 34

What is the maximum limit inclusion difference between pseudocode and Python?

Answer 34

In pseudocode, the maximum limit is included, while in Python it is excluded.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: A _______ is executed at least 0 or more times.

Answer 35

Pre-Condition

Question 36

What is string handling?

Answer 36

The process of manipulating strings, including finding length and extracting characters.

Question 37

How do you find the length of a string in Python?

Answer 37

Use the len() function.

Question 38

What does the expression city[0] return if city = 'Kathmandu'?

Answer 38

K

Question 39

What does the expression city[0:3] return if city = 'Kathmandu'?

Answer 39

Kat

Question 40

True or False: A procedure is the same as a function.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What are local and global variables?

Answer 41

Local variables are defined within a function, while global variables are defined outside and accessible throughout the program.

Question 42

What is an array?

Answer 42

A collection of variables of the same datatype.

Question 43

Why was there a need for an array?

Answer 43

To maintain large sets of data under a single variable name to avoid confusion.

Question 44

How does Python implement arrays?

Answer 44

Using lists, which allow multiple data types.

Question 45

What is a one-dimensional array?

Answer 45

An array with a single row of elements.

Question 46

Give an example of a two-dimensional array.

Answer 46

studentsInfo=[[12,15,14],[14,12,17]]

Question 47

Fill in the blank: To declare an empty list in Python for storing salaries of 100 players, use _______.

Answer 47

salaries = [None]*100

Question 48

What does the index value represent in a list?

Answer 48

The position of elements in a list.

Question 49

How can you add elements to an empty list in Python?

Answer 49

By using a loop to append marks or values.

Question 50

What is the structure for a two-dimensional array declaration?

Answer 50

Creates Columns and Rows.

Question 51

What operation can be performed on a 2D array to print data one by one?

Answer 51

Iterate through the array using nested loops.

Question 52

What is the output of print(city[3:]) if city = 'Kathmandu'?

Answer 52

mandu

Question 53

What are the two types of arrays mentioned?

Answer 53

* One dimensional array * Two dimensional array

Question 54

What is the purpose of using meaningful identifiers in programming?

Answer 54

To enhance code readability and maintainability.