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Physics Paper 2 > Topic 8 > Flashcards

Topic 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Work done

A

When energy is transferred from one store to another

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2
Q

GPE

A

The energy and object has due to its height in a gravitational field

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3
Q

The gravitational field strength on the eart is

A

10

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4
Q

GPE is more on

A

Gas giants

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5
Q

GPE is less on the

A

Moon

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6
Q

Kinetic energy is

A

The energy an object had as a result of its mass and speed

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7
Q

Useful energy

A

The energy that is transferred to the place where it is wanted in the form that it is needed

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8
Q

Wasted energy

A

The energy that is not useful for the intended purpose and is dissipated to the surroundings

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9
Q

Reducing energy loss

A

Lubrication
Insulation

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10
Q

Power

A

The rate of energy transfer or the rate of work done

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11
Q

Efficiency

A

The ratio of the useful power or energy transfer output from a system to its total power or energy transfer input

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12
Q

A force is

A

A push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object

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13
Q

Contact forces include

A

Friction
Air resistance
Tension
Reaction force

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14
Q

Non contact forces

A

Gravity
Electrostatic
Magnesium

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15
Q

Function of fixed resistor

A

Limits the flow of current
Resistance cannot be changed

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16
Q

Thermistor

A

A resistor which resistance depends on its temperature
As temp increases resistance decreases

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17
Q

LDR

A

Resistance depends on light intensity

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18
Q

Motor

A

Device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

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19
Q

Diode

A

Allows current to flow in only one direction

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20
Q

LED

A

Diode that emits light when a current passes through it

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21
Q

Ammeter

A

Used to measure the current in a circuit

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22
Q

Voltmeters

A

Use to measure potential difference in a circuit

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23
Q

Ammeter is always connected in a

A

Series

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24
Q

Voltmeter is always connected in a parallel

A
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25
Q

Direction of current flow

A

From positive to negative power supply

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26
Q

Potential difference

A

The amount of energy transferred per unit of charge passing through terminals

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27
Q

Current

A

The rate of flow of charge

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28
Q

When two or more resistors are connected in series the total resistance is

A

Teh sum of the resistors

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29
Q

In a series circuit the voltage of a power supply is

A

Shared between all components

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30
Q

When two or more resistors are connected in parallel

A

The net resistance decreases as more charge is allowed to flow overall

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31
Q

Advantages of parallel

A

The components can be individually controlled
If one component stops working the others will continue to function

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32
Q

Current in a series circuit

A

The current is the same at all points

33
Q

Current in a parolee circuit

A

The current at junctions

34
Q

Potential difference in a series circuit

A

Voltage of power supply is shared between components

35
Q

In a parallel circuit teh voltage across each component is teh same

A
36
Q

In a parell circuit the total resistance is

A

Less than teh resistance of individuals components

37
Q

The current is what variable

A

Independent

38
Q

Teh voltage is what variable

A

Dependent

39
Q

What factors choose how much heat is produced

A

Current
Resistance

40
Q

How is heat produced in a circuit

A

collisions between:
Electrons flowing in the conductor, and
The lattice of atoms within the metal condu

When the electrons collide they lose energy giving it to the ions cause in them to vibrate more and heat up

41
Q

Direct current

A

A current that is steady constantly flowing in the same direct in a circuit from positive to negative

42
Q

Alternating current

A

A current that continuously changes its direction going back and forth around a circuit

43
Q

Mains AC

A

Generated by power stations
Transported through the national grid

44
Q

Mains AC frequency

A

50Hz

45
Q

Mains AC potential difference

A

230v

46
Q

Live wire colour

A

Brown

47
Q

Neutral wire colour

A

Blue

48
Q

Earth wire colour

A

Green and yellow stripey

49
Q

The live wire function

A

Carries alternating potential difference from the supply to the circuit

50
Q

The neatrul wire

A

Forms the opposite end of the circuit to the live wires to complete the circuit

51
Q

Earth wire function

A

Safety wire that provides low resistance path to earth

52
Q

Neutral wire and earth wire voltage

A

0

53
Q

Ends of magnets are called

A

Poles

54
Q

Magnetic metals

A

Iron
Colbalt
Nickle

55
Q

Permanent magnets

A

Produce its own magnetic field

56
Q

Induced magnets

A

When a magnetic material is placed into a magnetic field the material can temporarily be turned into a magnet

When it is removed it loses its magnetism

57
Q

Magnetic field

A

The region around a magnet where a force acts on another magnet or on a magnetic material (such as iron, steel, cobalt and nickel)

58
Q

Magnetic field around a bar magnet

A

The field is strongest at the poles

59
Q

Strength of magnetic field factors

A

Size of current
Distance from long straight conductor

60
Q

How to increase strength of magnetic field around wire

A

Coil it to form solenoid

61
Q

The motor effect occurs when

A

A wire with current flowing through it is placed inside a magnetic field and experiences a force

62
Q

Factors effecting em induction

A

The speed at which the wire, coil or magnet is moved
The number of turns on the coils of wire
The size of the coils
The strength of the magnetic field

63
Q

speed at which the wire, coil or magnet is moved:

A

Increasing the speed will increase the rate at which the magnetic field lines are cut
This will increase the induced potential difference

64
Q

The number of turns on the coils in the wire:

A

Increasing the number of turns on the coils in the wire will increase the potential difference induced
This is because each coil will cut through the magnetic field lines and the total potential difference induced will be the result of all of the coils cutting the magnetic field lines

65
Q

. The size of the coils:

A

Increasing the area of the coils will increase the potential difference induced
This is because there will be more wire to cut through the magnetic field lines

66
Q

The strength of the magnetic field:

A

Increasing the strength of the magnetic field will increase the potential difference induced

67
Q

Transformers

A

A transformer is an electrical device that can be used to increase or decrease the potential difference of an alternating current
This is achieved using the generator effect

68
Q

Generator effect

A

The generator effect occurs whenever a potential difference is induced across a conductor which is experiencing a change in an external magnetic field

69
Q

Structure of transformer

A

A primary coil
A secondary coil
An iron core

70
Q

How a transformer works

A

The iron core is easily magnetised, so the changing magnetic field passes through it
As a result, there is now a changing magnetic field inside the secondary coil
This changing field cuts through the secondary coil and induces a potential difference
As the magnetic field is continually changing the potential difference induced will be alternating
The alternating potential difference will have the same frequency as the alternating current supplied to the primary coil
If the secondary coil is part of a complete circuit it will cause an alternating current to flow

71
Q

Role of transformers

A

Change size of alternating voltage

72
Q

Apparatus for measuring density of irregular objects

A

Eureka can

73
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of th e substance by 1c

74
Q

Specific heat latent

A

The amount of thermal energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance with no change in temperature

75
Q

Specific latent heat fusion

A

The thermal energy required to convert 1 kg of solid to liquid with no change in temperature

76
Q

Absolute zero

A

-273c

77
Q

Absolute zero definition

A

The temperature at which molecules in a substance have zero kinetic energy

78
Q

Hooks law

A

The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, up to the limit of proportionality

Physics Paper 2 (1 decks)

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