topic 8

Question 1

what is a hydrocarbom

Answer 1

compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 2

what is crude oil

Answer 2

complete mixture of lots of different hydrocarbon compounds found in porous rock

Question 3

purpose of crude oil

Answer 3

source of hydrocarbons used to produce petrol or diesel

Question 4

alakane

Answer 4

compound of carbon and hydrogen with only a single bond between them

Question 5

homologus series

Answer 5

are familiar groups or groups of organic compound that have similar features and chemical properties due to them having the same functional group

Question 6

all members of a homologous series have

Answer 6

same general formula
gradation in their physical properties

Question 7

incomplete combustion products

Answer 7

carbon monoxide

Question 8

carbon monoxide

Answer 8

is toxic and colourless which can cause loss of consciousness and eventually death
the CO binds to haemoglobin which can therefor not carry oxygeon

Question 9

how is acid rain formed

Answer 9

fossil fuels contain small shofar impurities when they are combusted these are released and gets oxidised to shofar dioxide
forms acid rain

Question 10

nitrogen oxide formation

Answer 10

nitrogen oxides are formed when nitrogen and oxygen react in conditions in internal combustion engines and blast furnaces

Question 11

catalytic converters

Answer 11

contain transition metal catalysts including
the metal catalysts are in honeycomb within the converter to increase surface area available for reaction
a series of redox reactions occur which neutralises the pollutant gases

Question 12

saturated molecules contain

Answer 12

single bonds

Question 13

unsaturated molecules contain

Answer 13

double bonds

Question 14

alkanes are what compound

Answer 14

saturated

Question 15

alkenes are

Answer 15

unsaturated

Question 16

cracking

Answer 16

a process that converts alkanes into short chain molecules which are more useful

Question 17

catalytic cracking

Answer 17

involves heating the hydrocarbon molecules to vaporise them
the vapours are then passed over a hot powdered catalyst of aluminium oxide
this breaks the covalent bonds causing a thermal decomposition reaction
the molecules are broken down in a random way forming a mixture of smaller alkenes and alkanes

Question 18

why is cracking nessecary

Answer 18

the demand for certain fractions of hydrocarbons is greater than the supply so cracking must be done to meet the demands

Question 19

type of reaction is cracking

Answer 19

endothermic