Topic 7: Tyrone’s Rebellion 1594-1603

Question 1

Spanish Support:

Answer 1

in September 1561 Philip III landed 3,400 crack troops and a battery of siege-guns at Kinsale (the war with Spain had finally spread to Ireland)

Question 2

Finances:

Answer 2

• Tyrone was able to afford to campaign, cost him £80,000 per annum but he reorganised his lands and estates to ensure this
• Elizabeth spending £300,000 per year in Irish campaigns alongside £100,000 per year in the Netherlands to maintain her campaign there
• late Elizabethan Irish campaigns cost up to £2 mill
• 1597 Elizabeth had to spend an extra £300,000 just on campaigns in Ulster
• example of cost to the localities: Kent had 56 cavalry and 600 footmen and it cost them £3,324

Question 3

Tyrone and certain events:

Answer 3

Hugh O’Neill had been created second Earl of Tyrone in 1585, when he felt his position as arbiter of Ulster was threatened he broke with the crown.
in feb 1595 he sent his brother Art to destroy Blackwater Fort on the River Blackwater,
soon he commanded 1,000 Pikemen, 4,000 musketeers and 1,000 cavalry, he was proclaimed a traitor in June 1595 and Elizabeth raised an army augmented by 1,600 veterans under Sir John Norris, battle of yellow ford 1598, worst disaster in Ireland under Elizabeth’s reign, some 830 troops killed, 400 wounded and 300 Irish deserted to Tyrone

Question 4

Sir Henry Baegnal:

Answer 4

• killed at Blackwater Fort

Question 5

Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy:

Answer 5

• February 1600 replaced Essex, with the assistance of Sir George Carew (president of Munster), Mountjoy commanded 13,200 men
• was able to settle the Pale early on
• the concessions offered as he wanted to rush back to court