topic 7 stuarts Flashcards
why did protectorate end? -
no support of army
- RC allowed parliament to continue civilianising and restricted religious toleration and army’s freedom
- pt attempted to abolish other house - NMA realised power being reduced
- army forced RC to dissolve pt in april - RC felt he was being treated like a puppet
why did protectorate end?
- lost support of republicans (commonwealth) within pt
- republicans felt good old cause (reasons for civil war, rel freedoms, anti tyranny) being abandoned
- republicans accused protectorate of restoring monarchical tyranny as had too many powers
- radicals and army worked together to establish new rump pt > conservatives and pro cromwell supporters excluded - cromwell retired
why did protectorate end?
- RC had hopeless task
- OC had stability with unique personality and support of army, religious groups (anglicans), conservatives, radicals and army
- exemption of self denying ordinance created unique and unrivalled power base for OC
why was charles 2 restored as king?
- role of army
1) lost authority - unable to establish form of governance and maintain power
2) rump pt: wanted new constitution so army prevented them from sitting
3) population: riots, prospect of civil war, royalist & scottish uprisings threatens support of rump (1659)
4) forced RC to dissolve pt recalled rump may 1659
5) lambert of NMA small no. 1200 horses 3000 foot > suppressed
6) lambert dissolves rump to reassert NMA autonomy oct 1659
7) committe of safety - army appoints govt full of grandeeds
why was charles 2 restored as king
- general moncks role
- served for NMA initially royalist
- after army relived RC, he went to parliamentary cause - opposed NMA
- beloved military should be under command of form civilian govt
- 1659 brought scottish NMA to confront NMA
why was charles 2 restored as king
- general moncks role
- advantages of control of scottish NMA
1) NMA lost authority and loosing soldiers
2) fighting for stable govt (most despised military 1660)
3) 10,000 men with full support
4) ambiguous aims gained support from broad population: presbyterians who wanted national church and royalists who wanted restoration of order
why was charles 2 restored as king
- general moncks role
- impact
- 3rd feb restored pt (including excluded members of rump)
- sent agent to charles: wanted him to leave netherlands to distance himself from catholicism and issue declaration calling for moderate settlement
- civilian/ pro- par faction - replaced generals place
why was charles 2 restored as king
- role of charles and declaration of breda
- moderate (religiously and politically), avoided DROK and catholicism
- reassured those fought against C1 not to be punished but directly involved would be
- promises to be parliamentary monaarch and restore balance of crown and pt
- promises of religious freedoms and protestant faith and pay army arrears
why was charles 2 restored as king
- role of convention pt
- dissolved itself for fresh elections and start new pt > convention pt
- loot former cavaliers elected as MPS, large pro royalist - favour restoration - agrees to treaty
why was charles 2 restored as king
- failure of commonwealth fund popular alternative to monarchy
- restoration occurred because of failures of previous govt
- main basis of support was NMA
parliament reaction to charles 2 restoration
- election of royalist MPS in conventional pt allowed c2 to become king and accept breda treaty
- presbyterian mps tried to impose pres demands (national church) but not enough support in pt or england
- conventional pt dissolved > new elections > cavalier pt (royalists who fought for c1+2 in civil wars
religious response to c2 restoration: breda treaty
- showed c2 as moderate anglican who wanted to restore national church but also allowed for freedom to dissenters under policy of liberty of conscience - satisfactory - anglicanism remained strong 1660 and largest form of worship
religious response to C2 restoration
- end to puritanical rule
- was celebrated by many - all of puritanical restrictions on life were stopped - enforced sabbatarianism, restrictions on xmas - “liberation for many”
religious response to c2 restoration
- negative reaction due to pro anglican pt elected
- reintroduced anglican church under clarendon code
- episcopal system restored
- compulsory church of england attendance
- LOC restriced
- religious dissenters repressed
- puritan groups (fought against c1) and presbyterians (against episcopal basis) felt let down
religious response to c2 restoration
- negative reaction to the re establishment of anglicanism
- limited religious freedoms sparked extremist concerns
- thought god abandoned cause
- venner uprising (5th monarchists): 50 armed followers broke into st paul cathedral - proclaimed christ as king (man killed) > crushed, perpetrators hung > only small group majority were happy
