Topic 7 - Solids, Liquids & Gases Flashcards
Density equation
density = mass/volume
ρ = m/v
(kg/m^3 OR g/cm^3)
Pressure equation
pressure = force/area
P = F/A
1Pa = 1N/m^2
Pressure difference equation
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
P (Pa) = h × ρ × g (N/kg)
Specific heat capacity
This is the amount of energy needed to raise
the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1°C
Thermal energy equation
change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature
ΔQ = m × c × ΔT
Q = Joules
c = J/kg °C
Absolute zero
At absolute zero the particles have no thermal energy or kinetic energy, so they cannot exert a force. Therefore, there is no motion.
Celsius -> Kelvin
+ 273
Kelvin -> Celsius
- 273
Kelvin
Unit of temperature, symbol K. The Kelvin temperature of the gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules
Qualitative relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature
Pressure ↑ Volume ↓
Pressure ↓ Volume ↑
Qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature at constant volume
Pressure ↑ Temperature ↑
Pressure ↓ Temperature ↓
Boyle’s Law
P∝1/V
P1V1 = P2V2
Gay-Lussac Law
P∝T
P1/T1 = P2/T2
*Temperature needs to be in Kelvin
Pressure
the continuous force of something in contact with something else (e.g. atmospheric pressure)
1 ATM
100,000Pa
