Topic 7 - Run for your life

Question 1

Describe the process of Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 1

Normal blood oxygen concentration
-> blood conc. drops
->kidney detects low blood oxygen conc.
-> releases EPO into blood
-> EPO stimulate bone marrow
-> bone marrow produces red blood cells
-> increased number of red blood cells increases blood oxygen-carrying capacity
-> blood oxygen conc. rises

Question 2

Risks with taking EPO?

Answer 2

• increased risk of blood clots
• increased risk of heart failure
• increased blood viscosity
  -decreased blood flow/cardiac output
  -increased risk of stroke
  -decreased natural production of EPO

Question 3

Benefits with taking EPO?

Answer 3

• increased RBC count, therefore more oxygen is readily available to the muscles to carry out aerobic respiration.
• increased VO2 max
• delayed OBLA/DOMS

Question 4

How does testosterone work?

Answer 4

Testosterone binds to androgen receptors on target cells and modifies gene expression, altering the development of the cell, for example, increasing anabolic reactions such as protein synthesis

Question 5

How is testosterone used in body builders and sprinters to increase muscle development rapidly?

Answer 5

Testosterone can be injected to increase muscle development but breaks down quickly. A synthetic anabolic steroid called nandrolone is a modified version of testosterone.

Question 6

What are the dangers of using anabolic steroids?

Answer 6

The use of anabolic steroids in sports is banned as it gives an unfair advantage and also has serious side effects, including: increases risk of heart disease. increases risk of liver damage. increases risk of kidney damage.

Question 7

What is anabolic steroid used for?

Answer 7

Anabolic steroids - these are drugs which help your body to produce muscle, increasing strength, speed and stamina of the athlete.

Question 8

What are other uses of using anabolic steroids?

Answer 8

• To help patients gain weight after a severe illness, injury, or infection.
• They also are used when patients fail to gain or maintain normal weight because of unexplained medical reasons.
• To treat certain types of anemia.
• To treat certain kinds of breast cancer in some women.

Question 9

How are anabolic steroids detected?

Answer 9

Urine samples testing for protein

Question 10

What are narcotics?

Answer 10

Opioid pain relievers

Question 11

What are stimulants?

Answer 11

increase the activity of the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 12

What is gene doping?

Answer 12

Involves inserting DNA for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance.

Question 13

What is blood doping

Answer 13

increase one’s red blood cell mass, which allows the body to transport more oxygen to muscles and therefore increase stamina and performance.

Question 14

What are diuretics?

Answer 14

Diuretics act on the kidneys and encourage them to release water in the form of urine.

Question 15

What are hormone agonists?

Answer 15

Keeps the testicles and ovaries from making sex hormones by blocking other hormones that are needed to make them and they can mask other hormones

Question 16

What are Beta-2 agonists

Answer 16

Treat asthma by dilating airways

Question 17

What are hormones and releasing factors?

Answer 17

Stimulate the body to produce and release specific hormones.

Question 18

Which performance enhancing drug substance is NOT banned?

Answer 18

Creatine phosphate

Question 19

What is creatine phosphate?

Answer 19

Creatine is amino acid derived compound found naturally in fish and meat

Question 20

What synthesises creatine

Answer 20

Glycine and arginine

Question 21

What do creatine supplements do?

Answer 21

Increase creatine phosphate (CP) in muscles

Question 22

What are the benefits to taking creatine?

Answer 22

Creatine improves strength, increase lean muscle mass, and help the muscles recover more quickly during exercise.

• This muscular boost may help athletes achieve bursts of speed and energy, especially during short bouts of high-intensity activities such as weight lifting or sprinting.

Question 23

What are the cons to taking creatine?

Answer 23

Diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting

Question 24

What are the unacceptable ethics behind doping?

Answer 24

Ethical arguments against doping are: - doping is cheating
- it causes unfairness,
- it causes short and long term harm for the health of athletes who receive doping,
-it harms the society especially children and young adults who respect athletes as their role models - doping is both unnatural and dehumanising

Question 25

What are the acceptable ethics behind doping?

Answer 25

• Sports is already unfair