topic 7 - populations

Question 1

species

Answer 1

organisms that can reproduce to form fertile offspring

Question 2

population

Answer 2

all the organisms of a single species in a place at one time
(species can exist as one or more populations)

Question 3

community

Answer 3

all the organisms of all the species in one place at one time

Question 4

gene pool

Answer 4

all the alleles present in a population

Question 5

evolution

Answer 5

change in allele frequency overtime

Question 6

differential reproductive success

Answer 6

organisms with a phenotype better adapted to a niche/environment have selective advantages and are more likely to survive

Question 7

speciation

Answer 7

the process of forming a new species

Question 8

speciation process

Answer 8

process
- populations of the same species become reproductively isolated
- evolve into a seperate species
- restricted gene flow between population
- leads to genetic drift (differences) that accumulate

Question 9

allopatric speciation

Answer 9

when population is geographically separated (physical barriers)
- prevents gene flow between groups
- genetic differences (causes: genetic drift, mutations and natural selection)
- differences significant which prevents interbreeding

Question 10

sympatric speciation

Answer 10

species in the same geographical area result in a new species
- due to behavioural differences, temporal factors and ecological isolation

Question 11

why is speciation important?

Answer 11

• increases biodiversity and genetic diversity
• less dependency on one organism in food web
• less chance of extinction
• helps understand biodiversity
  evolutionary change can be understood by looking into variety of species and mechanisms