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Geography > Topic 7 - People And The Biosphere > Flashcards

Topic 7 - People And The Biosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

Questions to think about with biomes

A

What makes a biome different?
What is the vegitation like?
What animals live there?
What is the climate like?

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2
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large scale destinctive vegitation found in ecosystems globally

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3
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All living and non-living things in a region (Abiotic and biotic)

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4
Q

How does climate affect biomes

A

Climate determines possible vegitation and thus biome, along with constituents e.g rock minerals which also determine biome

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5
Q

Flora is:

A

Plants

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6
Q

Fauna is:

A

Animals

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7
Q

Abiotic is

A

Rock, soil, water

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8
Q

Biotic:

A

Flora and fauna

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9
Q

What is the general trends for climate?

A

Reikland (centre) Tropical forest
Talabecland(outer centre) Tropical grassland
Middenland(middle) Desert
Nordland(centre middle)Temperate forests
Norsca(middle) Temperate grassland
Chaos (out middle) Taiga
Chaos wastes (edge) Tundra

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10
Q

Decidious trees vs Carniferous trees

A

Lose trees in winter (dec) vs keep leaves in winter (car)

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11
Q

Distribution of climates (not WH)

A

Equator - rainforests
North + South - Tropical Grassland / Desert
Further north + south - Temperate forest + grassland
Poles - Tundra

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12
Q

Tropical rainforests

A

Hot all year (20 minimum, 27’c plus typically) with very high rainfall (200-3000mm precipitation)

Dense forests with several layers of leaves

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13
Q

Tropical grasslands

A

Hot all year (25-35’c) with very low rainfall

Has dry seasons, tall grass with drough adaptations

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14
Q

Deserts

A

Very hot all year (30’c+), Extremely low rainfall

Cold night, scarce plants with water saving adaptations

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15
Q

Temperate grasslands

A

Hot summer (25’c )
Very cold in swinter (-40’c)
500-900mm precipitation
Deciduous trees

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16
Q

Boreal forests

A 
Mild summers (10-20’c) 
Sub  0 winters, less than 500mm precipitation
Coniferious trees
17
Q

Tundra

A

Below 0’c most of year (10’c summer)
Less than 250mm precipitation
Short daylight hours, few plants, trees rare and stunted

18
Q

Local factors influencing biomes:

A 
Rocks (geology)
Soil
Drainage basins / drainage
Rainfall
Temperatures
Altitude
19
Q

Altitude:

A

Temperature drops 0.5’c or 1’c per 100m
Mountains more exposed to wind and precipitation.
Steeper slopes mean thinner soil
Forest biomes decrease with altitude.

20
Q

Rocks:

A

Rock durability
Permeability -> drainage
Also acidity / alkaline content may influence vegetation

21
Q

Soils:

A

Comprised of rock, water and dead plants.
Differening plants grow in differing soils.

E.g
Sandy soil - drains easily
Clay soil - sticky, few air gaps. Water fails to drain
Chalky soil - light brown, water drains easy
Peat - composed of dead plants. Dark and rich in nutrients. Acidic

22
Q

Drainage:

A

Impermeable rocks may lead to waterlogged surfaces.
Water logging prevents growth
—-> peat bog and marshlands form
Specific vegetation grows

23
Q

What is an ecosystem equilibrium?

A

When everything within the ecosystem is in balance, and biotic biomass balances abiotic consumption. Regulates biotic life,

Repair is balanced with destruction

24
Q

Gershmels cycle

A

Describes nutrient movement.

Precipitation Fallout Biomass Uptake path Weathering
\ / /
Litter ——> Decomposition ——> Soil

Just see book you doink

25
Q

Biosphere goods and services

A

Goods: Services:

Food sources Atmospheric regulation
Construction material Soil maintainence
Medications Hydrological cycle
Fuel
Clothes

26
Q

How do indigenous people use the rainforest

A

They construct houses out of nature, that are temporary
They hunt food.
They sell food or animal products and some plant medicines

27
Q

How are rainforests utilised?

Non human

A

Ants and termites improve soil healthy by plant decomposition.
Atmospheric regulation

28
Q

How are rainforests utilised:

Human

A

Shifting cultivation
Commercial logging
Commercial farming

29
Q

Malthus’s ideas

A

Pessimist.

Believed life continues unrestricted, overtaking food supply and dying off massively due to war, famine and drought. Before reaching safe level.

30
Q

Boserup ideas:

A

Optimist.
Believed food and population increase, so more food than population (agricultural innovation)
—> safe increase.

Geography (1 decks)

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