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A - Physics GCSE > Topic 7 - Matter > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the arrangements of particles in solids liquids and gases

A
  • Particles in a: gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.
  • liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. weaker forces of attraction compared to solids
  • solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern. strong forces of attraction little kinetic energy so vibrate in their fixed positions
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2
Q

What is the formula for density

A

mass/volume

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3
Q

Density does vary with …. or……

A

size or shape

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4
Q

How can you find the density of an irregular solid

A

measure mass on balance

using a displacement can measure volume of water displaced

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5
Q

Why do solids liquids and gases have different densities

A
  • when a substance changes state although its mass doesnt change, its volume does, so since the volume changes the value for density changes too
  • Solids are more dense
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6
Q

What does heating a substance do to energy stores

A

increases energy in thermal energy store

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7
Q

What is specific heat capacity

and equation

A

The amount of energy needed to change 1 kg of a substance to warm up by 1 degrees.

Change in thermal energy=mass x SHC x temp change

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8
Q

Describe an experiment to measure SHC of water

A
  • measure mass of insulating container
  • fill with water and measure mass again, the difference in mass is mass of water in container
  • add joulemeter to electric immersion heater
  • measure the initial temp then turn on power
  • when temp increased by 10 degrees, record the energy on joule meter and increase in temp
  • rearrange equation and repeat 3 times to find average
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9
Q

What is Specific latent heat

A

amount of energy needed to break bonds and change 1kg of a substances state

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10
Q

Why does temperature not change during a state change

A

because bonds breaking/forming so energy is used to use of release energy rather than increase the temperature

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11
Q

describe an experiment used to measure SPL

A
  • fill beaker with crushes ice (can insulate with lid)
  • place thermometer and record temp of ice
  • gradually heat with bunsen
  • every 20 seconds record temperature
  • continue until boiling
  • plot graph of temp against time
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12
Q

Whats the equation for SPL

A

Thermal energy = mass x SLH

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13
Q

how is pressure created

A

by colliding gas particles exerting a force

eg)in an enclosed system gas particles colliding with walls

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14
Q

Name Two factors which effect gas pressure

A

increasing temperature increases pressure as particles have more energy in their kinetic stores so collide more
-increasing volume decreases pressure as particles get more spread and our less likely to collide

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15
Q

What is absolute zero

A

the lowest amount of energy possible in their kinetic stores.
0kelvin and -273degrees

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16
Q

Why can a change in pressure cause a change in volume

A

with containers without a fixed volume like a balloon, the volume of gas is constant–so its not expanding or contracting when pressure pushing out is same as pressure pushing in

17
Q

Explain changing the pressure inside a container by heating or cooling
With balloon

A

If balloon is heated- particles gain energy and move quicker so more pressure inside balloon.
since the outward pressure of balloon is greater than inward, the balloon expands until balanced out

18
Q

Explain how you can change the external pressure on a gas

A

-pushing on a plunger increases inward pressure by giving particles a smaller volume to collide in

19
Q

Why does does work on a gas increase its temperature

A

Because it increases its internal energy, which increases its pressure
eg) can be done mechanically with bike pump
transferring energy to kinetic store which inc. inetrnal energy and heats

20
Q

what does it mean if an object has been elastically distorted?

A

It means it cant return to its original shape and length after the force has been removed

21
Q

what is an elastic limit

A

point where object stops distorting elastically and begins to distort inelastically

22
Q

what is a plastic limit

A

when the object acts as a plastic and eventually snaps

23
Q

if work is done on a spring where is energy transferred

A

elastic potential energy store

24
Q

what its Hookes law

A

force = spring constant x extension

25
Q

What is it called when an object stretches more for each unit of force

A

limit of proportionality

when graph becomes non-linear

26
Q

Describe an experiment to link force and extension

A
  • measure natural length of spring with millimeter ruler clamped to stand
  • add mass to spring and allow spring to rest then measure new length
  • repeat process until you have 6 or more measurements
  • plot force by extension graph
27
Q

how do you calculate work done by a spring

A

energy transferred in stretching =

1/2 x spring constant x extension

28
Q

how do you calculate pressure

A

force / area

29
Q

what does fluid pressure depend on

A

depth and density

as depth increases so does pressure as number of particles above that point increases

30
Q

how does pressure and density vary in water

A

pressure increases with depth

density is the same everywhere

31
Q

Equation for pressure in column of liquid=

A

height x density x GFS

32
Q

what is the resultant force called when when force exerted on bottom of object is greater than force on top

A

upthrust

33
Q

what is upthrust equal to in fluids

A

the weight of fluid displaced by object

34
Q

what makes an object float

A

if the volume of water displaced is equal to or more than its weight

usually if an object is less dense than the fluid its in then it floats

35
Q

how do submarines make use of upthrust

A

to sink they have large tanks filled with water to increases weight so its more than the upthrust
to rise the tanks are compresses with air to reduce weight so its less than upthrust

36
Q

what does atmospheric pressure decrease with

A

height / altitude

as altitude increases fewer air molecules are able to collide with surface as the atmosphere gets less dense
and weight above air decreases too

37
Q

How is atmospheric pressure created

A

by air molecules colliding with surface

A - Physics GCSE (9 decks)

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