topic 7, fundamental of computer

Question 1

processor

Answer 1

executes program instructions

Question 2

main memory

Answer 2

includes ram and rom

stores program instructions and frequently used data

Question 3

a bus is

Answer 3

a series of parallel wires that connect internal components of a computer system

Question 4

Address bus

Answer 4

used to transport memory addresses

Question 5

data bus

Answer 5

sends data and instructions to and from the different components of the computer system

Question 6

control bus

Answer 6

used to carry out control signals and regulate operation of computer system

Question 7

what does the control bus carry

Answer 7

computers clock signal

Question 8

I/O controllers

Answer 8

pieces of hardware that control the communication of data between the processior and external hardware

Question 9

i/o controller example

Answer 9

mice, monitor

Question 10

harvard architecture

Answer 10

the procesor uses two seperate main memory locations

one used for instruction other for data

Question 11

von neumann architecture

Answer 11

both instructions stored in same memory

Question 12

stored program concept definition

Answer 12

machine code instructions stored in main memory
are fetched and executed serially
by a processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations

Question 13

stored program concept

Answer 13

allows one set of instructions to be switched out for another

Question 14

processors contain

Answer 14

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
a control unit
numerous registers

Question 15

ALU

Answer 15

performs arithmetic and logic operations

Question 16

CU

Answer 16

resposible for controlling the various components of the processor

Question 17

registers

Answer 17

small storage location used to hold data temporarily

Question 18

pc

Answer 18

(program counter) holds memory address

Question 19

cir

Answer 19

(current instruction register)

holds the instruction that is currently being executed by the processor

Question 20

mar

Answer 20

(memory address register)

stores the memory address of a memory location

Question 21

mbr

Answer 21

(memory buffer register) also called the memory data register ((mdr))
hold contents of a memory location that has been read from or data that is to be stored

Question 22

where is clock found?

Answer 22

found in computers processor

Question 23

fetch-execute cycle

Answer 23

continous cycle performed by the processor
consists of 3 stages

fetch
decode
execute

Question 24

fetch

Answer 24

the next instruction to execute is retrieved from main memory

Question 25

decode

Answer 25

the fetched instruction is decoded

Question 26

execute

Answer 26

the instruction is carried out

Question 27

MOV Rx=

Answer 27

copy the value specfied into Register x

Question 28

CMP Rx

Answer 28

compare the value stored in register x

Question 29

logical shift is

Answer 29

an operation that can be performed on binary numbers

Question 30

barcode reader consists of ..

Answer 30

laser light source, a lens, photodiodes and a mirror

Question 31

What does the mirror of a barcode reader do?

Answer 31

directs light from the laser onto a printed barcode

Question 32

what does the light do after being reflected of the barcode?

Answer 32

passes through the lens and is incident on the photodiode

Question 33

what does the photodiode do?

Answer 33

turns light into electrical charge

Question 34

digital camera’s consist of..

Answer 34

lens that focuses light onto sensor

Question 35

sensors are usually

Answer 35

cmos or ccd

Question 36

the sensors of a camera

Answer 36

convert incident light into electrical charge

Question 37

laser printer is..

Answer 37

output device that produces images on paper from digital signals

Question 38

printer consists of

Answer 38

laser light source
mirror
drum
tone roller
fusers

Question 39

the drum on a printer is

Answer 39

positively charged all over

Question 40

rfid sum up

Answer 40

radio frequency identification
the rfid tags contain a chip with small amount of memory
coil of wire as antenna

Question 41

hard disk drive sum up

Answer 41

consists of circular platters made from a magnetic material

above each platter hovers an actuating arm

Question 42

ssd sum up

Answer 42

consists of non volatile NAND flash memory cells and a controller

Question 43

read only disks

Answer 43

pits are burned onto the disk
high power laser beam passes
when laser hits put, the light is scattered,
makes digital signal