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GCSE Physics ⚛️ > Topic 7 🔭⭐️ > Flashcards

Topic 7 🔭⭐️ Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does your weight vary across planets?

A
  • Your weight is dependent on gravity.
  • The gravitational field strength of a planet varies depending on size of the planet.
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2
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?

A

Approximately 10 N/kg

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3
Q

What does our solar system consist of?

A
  • The sun (our star)
  • 8 planets
  • The planets natural satellites
  • Dwarf planets
  • Comets and asteroids
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4
Q

Name the planets in order.

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

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5
Q

Describe the orbits of the moons, planets, comets and artificial satellites.

A

They orbit in an elliptical shape.

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6
Q

Describe the Steady State Theory.

A

The Steady State theory says that the universe has always existed but is expanding and creating matter to counteract the loss in density.

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7
Q

Describe the Big Bang theory.

A

The Big Bang theory states that the universe expanded from a very smaller dense point about 14 billion years ago ago.

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8
Q

What is red-shift?

A

A perceived increase in the wavelength of light due to the source moving away from the observer.

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9
Q

What does red-shift provide evidence for?

A
  • The universe is expanding
  • This supports the Big Bang theory
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10
Q

What does the Big Bang theory suggest?

A

The entire universe started from a very small, hot and dense region in space.

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11
Q

Compare the observed red-shift of two galaxies, one further away than the other.

A
  • The galaxy that is further away is travelling faster.
  • The observed red-shift is greater the further away it is
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12
Q

What did scientists observe to provide evidence that the universe is expanding at an ever faster rate?

A

They observed supernovae, which suggested that galaxies are moving away at an ever faster rate.

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13
Q

What does CMBR stand for?

A

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

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14
Q

What does CMBR provide further evidence for?

A
  • The Big Bang Theory
  • It it believed that CMBR originates from radiation produced in the Big Bang
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15
Q

How does the existence of CMBR support the expansion of the universe?

A
  • It is thought that gamma radiation was released in the Big Bang
  • The expansion of the universe has stretched this radiation, resulting in the microwave radiation present today.
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16
Q

What fact determines the type of lifecycle a star undergoes?

A

The size of the star

17
Q

Which two phases do all the stars of the same or greater size than the sun undergo?

A
  1. Protostar phase
  2. Main sequence phase
18
Q

What do stars like the sun become at the end of their life-cycle?

A

A black dwarf

19
Q

What two things can stars much bigger than the universe become at the end of their lifecycle?

A
  1. Neutron star
  2. Black hole
20
Q

What two phases do stars of similar size to the sun go through between being a main sequence star and a black dwarf?

A
  1. Red giant
  2. White dwarf
21
Q

What two phases do stars of greater size than the sun go through between being a main sequence star and a neutron star/black hole?

A
  1. Red supergiant
  2. Supernova
22
Q

Describe the transition of the star from the nebula stage to the main sequence.

A
  • Nebula increases in size until it is pulled in due to its gravity, causing GPE to turn into KE.
  • The collisions between particles cause this kinetic energy to turn into thermal energy.
  • Eventually the nebula will become dense and hot enough to begin fusion.
23
Q

What occurs in the stage when a star is a main sequence star?

A
  • The fusion in the star releases energy
  • This energy balances out with the gravitational potential energy leaving the star
  • The star is in equilibrium so will not collapse due to gravity or expand due to radioactive behaviour. It is table
24
Q

What environment is required for nuclear fusion to occur?

A

Higher temperature and high pressure

GCSE Physics ⚛️ (15 decks)

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