Topic 6 Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Observation made in Oxidation to Diol reaction

Answer 1

Color change from purple to colourless

Question 2

Catalyst used in Hydration Reaction

Answer 2

Phosphoric Acid

Question 3

What does Potassium Manganate (V||) offer in the ‘Oxidation to Diol’ reaction?

Answer 3

An oxygen atom

Question 4

What’s the catalyst used in Hydrogenation?

Answer 4

Nickel Catalyst (with heat)

Question 5

When does Incomplete Combustion occur?

Answer 5

• Insufficient Oxygen or Combustion is very rapid

Question 6

Why can’t Alkanes/C-C single bonds form geometric isomers?

Answer 6

Its because C-C single bonds are unrestricted and can rotate freely.

Question 7

Give me three reasons why polymers are materials humans are reliant on nowadays?

Answer 7

1. Polymers are manufactured on a large scale in a variety of complex shapes and with a wide range of properties.
2. They are often lighter than traditional alternatives.
3. They are unreactive and can be used to store a variety of substances for long periods of time.

Question 8

What are three ways of putting polymer waste into uses?

Answer 8

1. Recycling
2. Incineration
3. Use as a chemical feedstock

Question 9

What’s a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 9

Reaction in which water or hydroxide ions replace an atom or group by an -OH group.

Question 10

What do halogenoalkanes react with to form nitriles?

Answer 10

Potassium Cyanide (KCN) | Heat under reflux.

Question 11

What are the products of the reaction: Halogenoalkane + ETHANOLIC potassium hydroxide?

Answer 11

Alkene + water + KX

Question 12

Give two distinct ways to produce Alcohol from Halogenoalkanes:

Answer 12

1. Reaction with warm WATER (H2O)

2. Reaction with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) | Heat under reflux

Question 13

What reactions involve Nucleophilic Substitution?

Answer 13

1. Halogenoalkane + KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)

2. Halogenoalkane + Ammonia (in a sealed tube)

Question 14

List in order from fastest to slowest hydrolysis rate of reaction:

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary

Answer 14

1. Tertiary - Secondary - Primary

Question 15

What reacts with Alcohol for Chlorination?

Answer 15

Phosphorus (V) chloride (phosphorus pentachloride)

Question 16

What reacts with Alcohol for Bromination?

Answer 16

Hydrogen Bromide; Hydrogen bromide used is made by warming potassium bromide with 50% concentrated sulfuric acid.

Question 17

What reacts with Alcohol for Iodination?

Answer 17

Phosphorus (III) iodide; PI3 used is made by reacting phosphorus with iodine to form phosphorus (III) iodide.

Question 18

What are the products of the iodination of alcohol?

Answer 18

Iodoalkane + Phosphoric acid (H3PO3)

Question 19

What does the oxidation of a secondary alcohol produce?

Answer 19

ketone

Question 20

What does the oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?

Answer 20

Aldehyde > (further oxidation) Carboxylic Acid

Question 21

What’s the Condition for Producing Carboxylic Acid and Ketone?

Answer 21

Heating under Reflux

Question 22

What’s the condition for producing Aldehyde?

Answer 22

Distillation with Addition

Question 23

What’s the reagent(s) used in oxidising alcohols?

Answer 23

Mixture of Potassium Dichromate (VI) and dilute sulfuric acid.

Question 24

What’s used to test for Aldehydes and what’s the observation made?

Answer 24

1. Fehlings solution is used and in case of aldehyde presence, solution turns red from blue.

(If ketone is present the solution will remain blue)