Topic 6 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Observation made in Oxidation to Diol reaction
Color change from purple to colourless
Catalyst used in Hydration Reaction
Phosphoric Acid
What does Potassium Manganate (V||) offer in the ‘Oxidation to Diol’ reaction?
An oxygen atom
What’s the catalyst used in Hydrogenation?
Nickel Catalyst (with heat)
When does Incomplete Combustion occur?
- Insufficient Oxygen or Combustion is very rapid
Why can’t Alkanes/C-C single bonds form geometric isomers?
Its because C-C single bonds are unrestricted and can rotate freely.
Give me three reasons why polymers are materials humans are reliant on nowadays?
- Polymers are manufactured on a large scale in a variety of complex shapes and with a wide range of properties.
- They are often lighter than traditional alternatives.
- They are unreactive and can be used to store a variety of substances for long periods of time.
What are three ways of putting polymer waste into uses?
- Recycling
- Incineration
- Use as a chemical feedstock
What’s a hydrolysis reaction?
Reaction in which water or hydroxide ions replace an atom or group by an -OH group.
What do halogenoalkanes react with to form nitriles?
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) | Heat under reflux.
What are the products of the reaction: Halogenoalkane + ETHANOLIC potassium hydroxide?
Alkene + water + KX
Give two distinct ways to produce Alcohol from Halogenoalkanes:
- Reaction with warm WATER (H2O)
2. Reaction with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) | Heat under reflux
What reactions involve Nucleophilic Substitution?
- Halogenoalkane + KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)
2. Halogenoalkane + Ammonia (in a sealed tube)
List in order from fastest to slowest hydrolysis rate of reaction:
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Tertiary - Secondary - Primary
What reacts with Alcohol for Chlorination?
Phosphorus (V) chloride (phosphorus pentachloride)
What reacts with Alcohol for Bromination?
Hydrogen Bromide; Hydrogen bromide used is made by warming potassium bromide with 50% concentrated sulfuric acid.
What reacts with Alcohol for Iodination?
Phosphorus (III) iodide; PI3 used is made by reacting phosphorus with iodine to form phosphorus (III) iodide.
What are the products of the iodination of alcohol?
Iodoalkane + Phosphoric acid (H3PO3)
What does the oxidation of a secondary alcohol produce?
ketone
What does the oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?
Aldehyde > (further oxidation) Carboxylic Acid
What’s the Condition for Producing Carboxylic Acid and Ketone?
Heating under Reflux
What’s the condition for producing Aldehyde?
Distillation with Addition
What’s the reagent(s) used in oxidising alcohols?
Mixture of Potassium Dichromate (VI) and dilute sulfuric acid.
What’s used to test for Aldehydes and what’s the observation made?
- Fehlings solution is used and in case of aldehyde presence, solution turns red from blue.
(If ketone is present the solution will remain blue)
