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GCSE Chemistry > Topic 6: Groups of the Periodic Table > Flashcards

Topic 6: Groups of the Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the names of the elements in group 1?

A

Alkali metals

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2
Q

What do group 1 elements have in common?

A

One electron in its outer shell

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3
Q

What are the properties of group 1 metals?

A

More reactive than other metals
Softer than other metals
Lower melting and boiling points than other metals

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4
Q

How do group one metals react?

A

Lose a single outer electron to from a stable 1+ ion

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5
Q

What is the trend with reactivity and group 1?

A

Reactivity increases as you go down the group

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6
Q

What do alkali metals make when they react with water?

A

Alkalis
This is a vigorous reaction

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7
Q

What are group 0 elements known as?

A

Noble gases

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8
Q

Do group 0 elements react? Why?

A

No - they have a full outer shell so are stable and inert

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9
Q

The colour of group 0 elements?

A

Colourless at room temperature

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10
Q

What is the trend with group 0 elements and density?

A

Increases as you go down the group

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11
Q

What is the trend with group 0 elements and melting and boiling points?

A

Increases as you go down the group

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12
Q

What are the properties of group 0 elements and their uses?

A

Inert - protect metals during welding
Non-flammable - used in filament lamps and flash photography
Low density (just helium) - fill balloons and airships

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13
Q

What are the elements in group 7 known as?

A

Halogens

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14
Q

What do the halogens exist as?

A

Diatomic molecules - they’re all two atoms joined by a COVALENT bond (2 non metals)

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15
Q

What colour is chlorine at room temperature?

A

Green

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16
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Damp blue litmus paper
Put it in test tube
If it bleaches white, chlorine gas is present

17
Q

What colour is bromine at room temperature?

A

Red brown liquid which gives off orange vapour

18
Q

What colour is iodine at room temperature?

A

Dark grey solid which gives off purple vapour

19
Q

What do halogens have in common?

A

They have 7 electrons in their outer shell

20
Q

How do halogens react?

A

Gain an electron to form a 1- ion

21
Q

What is the trend with group 7 elements and reactivity? Why?

A

Decreases as you go down the group - as outer shell is further from the nucleus so it’s harder to gain an electron

22
Q

What is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen?

A

Metal halide

23
Q

What is formed when hydrogen reacts with a halogen?

A

Hydrogen halide

24
Q

What group has displacement reactions?

A

Halogens (group 7)

25
Q

What type of reactions are displacement reactions?

A

Redox reaction

26
Q

What group 7 element displaces all of the other group 7 elements? Why?

A

Fluorine
It’s at the top of the group - most reactive since reactivity decreases as you go down the group

27
Q

What specifically happens in a displacement reaction?

A

The more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from its compound

28
Q

What do hydrogen halides form when dissolved in water? Example?

A

Acidic solutions e.g. hydrochloric acid

29
Q

Which halogen is reduced and which is oxidised in displacement reactions?

A

Reduced: the one that has gained electrons and displaced the other halogen
Oxidised: the one that has lost electrons and has been displaced

30
Q

How can the trend of reactivity of halogens be predicted?

A

Carrying out displacement reactions - the more reactive displace the less and where the more reactive ones are, can be used to show how reactivity changes for the halogens

31
Q

Describe the process of testing the reactivity of the halogens?

A
  1. React colourless aqueous chlorine with colourless aqueous potassium chloride and note down what you can see
  2. Repeat step 1 but instead of using colourless aqueous potassium chloride, use colourless aqueous potassium bromide then colourless aqueous potassium iodide STILL with colourless aqueous chlorine
  3. Repeat steps 1-2 with orange aqueous bromine and then brown aqueous iodine

GCSE Chemistry (9 decks)

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