Topic 6 - Groups In The Periodic Table

Question 1

What are group 1 metals known as?

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 2

Give some examples of group 1 elements

Answer 2

Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium

Question 3

What kind of compounds do alkali metals form?

Answer 3

Ionic compounds - they lose their outer electron very easily, so they do not share it

Question 4

Are group 1 metals reactive?

Answer 4

Yes - they lose their outer electron to form a 1+ ion with a stable electronic structure

Question 5

Reactivity in group 1 decreases as you go down

True or false?

Answer 5

False - reactivity increases as you go down the group

Question 6

Why does reactivity increase as you go down the group?

Answer 6

Reactivity increases because the outer electron is in one more shell than the previous element

This means that the intermolecular forces are weaker, and this makes it easier for this outer electron to be taken away in reactions

E.g. Lithium has two shells, whereas sodium has three. The intermolecular forces are weaker with sodium because the force of attraction to the positive nucleus is weaker

Question 7

Reactions with group 1 with cold water produces what?

Answer 7

Hydroxide and hydrogen gas

When group 1 elements are placed in water, they react vigorously

Question 8

What is group 7 known as?

Answer 8

The halogens

Question 9

Give some elements that are in group 7

Answer 9

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine

Question 10

The halogens are diatomic

True or false?

Answer 10

True - they exist in pairs - e.g. O2, Cl2

Question 11

How many electrons do the halogens have in their outer shell?

Answer 11

7 - they want to gain an electron to form negative ions

Question 12

Does the reactivity increase or decrease as you go down group 7?

Answer 12

Decreases - it needs to gain an electron to form a 1- ion with a stable electronic structure

The easier it is for a halogen atom to attract an electron, the more reactive it will be

Question 13

How do you test for chlorine gas?

Answer 13

Using blue litmus paper

Question 14

What do the halogens react with?

Answer 14

Metals and hydrogen

Hydrogen

Question 15

What are the salts called that are produced from the reaction with group 7 elements and metal?

Answer 15

Metal halides

Question 16

What is produced when group 7 elements react with hydrogen?

Answer 16

Hydrogen halides

Question 17

What will a more reactive halogen do yo a less reactive halogen?

Answer 17

It wil displace it

Question 18

What do displacement reactions show?

Answer 18

Reactivity trends

Question 19

What are group 0 elements known as?

Answer 19

Noble gases

Question 20

Give some examples of group 0 elements

Answer 20

Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon

Question 21

Give some properties of group 0 elements

Answer 21

They are all inert, colourless gases (at room temperature)

Question 22

Are the group 0 elements diatomic or monotomic?

Answer 22

Monotomic - they made made up of single atoms

Question 23

Are the noble gases flammable?

Answer 23

No - because they are very unreactive

Question 24

Why are group 0 elements highly unreactive?

Answer 24

Because they have a full outer shell, and they therefore do not have any spare electrons to participate in reactions

Question 25

Give some everyday uses of group 0 elements

Answer 25

Helium - used in balloons because it has a lower density than air

Argon and helium - can be used to protect metals that are being welded

Argon - used in filament lamps because it in non-flammable and will not react with air

Xenon - used in the production of spacecrafts