Topic 6 education Flashcards
What was the 1944 education act ( The Butler Act)? (1944-65)
It made it mandatory for all children to stay in education until the age of 14. This opened up education or everyone, not just those who could afford it.
What was the tripartite system? (1944-65)
This aimed to abolish inequality in education. It set up types of schools:
- Grammar
- Technical
- Secondary modern.
What are the criticisms of the tripartite system? (1944-65)
- For most people only two schools were available.
- Grammar schools were seen as the most prestigious. Only 20% of people attended those.
- Girls had to get a higher mark than boys + fewer places were available.
- The social class divide was still there.
What is a comprehensive school? ( 1965-79)
Schools that will accept pupils from all abilities.
What were the criticisms of comprehensive schools? (1965-79)
- Admissions were based upon catchment areas. This meant that people in wealthier areas went to better schools.
- The schools were organised by ability. Ball- This made equality still exist.
- They were also criticised by the new right for their lack of discipline and poor results. There was no incentive to improve either.
What educational changes happened between 1979-97?
- Marketisation became a thing.
- A number of schemes were set up in order to reduce youth unemployment. This led to things like apprenticeships being introduced. This became known as the ‘new vocationalism’
What are the criticisms of the New Rights education policies between 1979-97?
- Neo Marxists- Finn argues that there was a hidden political agenda:
- It provided cheap labour.
- it undermined bargain power of unions.
- It reduced politically embarrassing unemployment statistics.
- It may have also been done to reduce crime by removing young people off of the streets.
It is also lower ability pupils that seem to be channeled into vocational courses. DFE report suggests that in 2006 only 6% of males took a hairdressing apprenticeship.
What did the 1988 Education reform act introduce?
Competition in the following six ways:
- Marketsation- Competition between schools was encouraged.
2 Testing: Introduction of league table by testing.
- The national curriculum: All pupils got the same teaching.
- League tables: Better info for parents.
- Diversifying school choice: Schools drop out of local authority.
- Private education: Assisted place scheme in 1980 which helped pay for some childrens tuition.
What were the criticisms of the 1988 education reform act?
- There were damaging effects on testing children.
- Could not operate like a market as not all parents were paying for education. This meant that it was a fake market ( quasi-market).
- League tables meant that some schools could not take on weaker pupils
- Very few extra places were available at popular schools.
- Middle-class were able to use their cultural capital to make sure that their children got into the best schools.
- Due to competition schools were cream skimming.
What were the two types of gov between 1997-2015?
Labour gov and the coalition gov.
When was the national curriculum introduced?
2013.
What is Pupil Premium?
It compensated for children from low-income backgrounds by giving them extra resources.
What are the four key evaluation points of the coalition policies?
- Budgets for schools were cut.
- Parental choice was limited
- Abolition of EMA meant that staying on rates were lower.
- PP wasn’t always spent appropriately.
How has globalization affected education?
- It remains under the control of national governments,
- Education systems around the world become increasingly alike.
- Institutions have to run as businesses as their products are global i.e uni’s.
- Ball- Increasing involvement by private companies in education. These are often MNC’s.
- More of a multicultural curriculum.
6 In can give a increased emphasis on equality of opportunity.
What is a specialist school?
A school that specialised in a certain subject. I.e WPS specialised in arts. In 2007 80% of schools in the UK were specialist.
