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Physics > Topic 6 > Flashcards

Topic 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A wave with oscillations (vibrations) at 90° yo the direction of energy transfer.

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2
Q

What are examples of transverse waves?

A
  • Ripples.
  • A wave on string.
  • ALL electromagnetic waves!
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3
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave in which the oscillations (vibrations) are parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

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4
Q

What are examples of longitudinal waves?

A
  • Sound waves.
  • Shock waves.
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5
Q

WAVE PRACTICAL!!!!!!!

A
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6
Q

What equipment can be used to measure the speed of sound?

A

An oscilloscope.

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7
Q

When waves arrive at a boundary between two different materials, what 3 things can occur?

A
  • Absorbtion.
  • Reflection.
  • Transmision and usually refraction.
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8
Q

What is equal to the angle of incidence?

A

The angle of reflection.

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9
Q

What is the normal line?

A

An imaginary line that’s perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

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10
Q

What is specular reflection?

A

When a wave is reflected in a single direction by a smooth surface such as a mirror.

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11
Q

What is diffuse reflection?

A

When waves are reflected by a rough surface such as paper and is scattered in many different directions.

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12
Q

What type of waves make up the EM spectrum?

A

Transverse.

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13
Q

INVESTIGATING LIGHT

A
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14
Q

What is the order of the 7 groups on the EM spectrum?

A
  • Radio.
  • Micro.
  • Infra.
  • Visible.
  • Ultra.
  • X.
  • Gamma.
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15
Q

What are alternating currents made up of?

A

Oscillating charges.

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16
Q

How are electric and magnetic fields made?

A

The oscillation of charges.

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17
Q

How long are the wavelengths of radio waves?

A

10cm +

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18
Q

How do we use long-wave radio waves?

A

Communication around Earth.

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19
Q

How do we use short-wave radio waves?

A

Bluetooth.

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20
Q

How do we use VERY short-wave radio waves?

A

TV and FM radio transmissions.

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21
Q

How are:
- Long wave radio
- Short and medium wave radio
characteristics useful?

A

Long wave radio waves can diffract (bend) around the Earth allowing them to travel long distances.
Short wave radio waves can reflect off the ionosphere (an electrically charged layer of the atmosphere) meaning they can travel long distances.

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22
Q

How do we use microwaves?

A
  • Communication with satellites.
  • Cooking.
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23
Q

How do we use infra-red radiation?

A
  • Infrared cameras.
  • Cooking.
  • Electric heaters.
24
Q

How do we use visible light?

A
  • Fibre optic cables.
25
Q

How do we use ultra-violet radiation?

A
  • Security pens.
  • Tanning salons.
26
Q

How do we use X-ray?

A
  • X-rays.
  • Cancer treatments.
27
Q

How do we use gamma rays?

A
  • Medical tracers.
  • Cancer treatment.
28
Q

Which sort of EM wave is harmful to humans?

A

High frequency EM waves.

29
Q

How do we measure radiation dosage?

A

Sieverts.

30
Q

RAY DIAGRAMS

A
31
Q

What is the range of nm in the visible light spectrum?

A

700nm (red) to 400nm (violet)

32
Q

What is the order of the visible light spectrum?

A

Richard
Of
York
Gave
Battle
In
Vain

33
Q

What happens to light rays when they hit an opaque object?

A

Some are absorbed and some are reflected.

34
Q

What determines the colour of an opaque object?

A

Which wavelength is most strongly reflected.

35
Q

What wavelengths do white objects absorb?

A

None. All wavelengths are being reflected equally.

36
Q

What wavelengths do black objects absorb?

A

All wavelengths.

37
Q

What happens when visible light hits transparent or translucent objects?

A

Some light is absorbed and reflected, but some is able to pass through.

38
Q

What is a colour filter?

A

Usually a piece of coloured plastic that filters out certain wavelengths so that only certain colours are transmitted.
E.g. putting blue plastic over a red light so that a red apple appears black.

39
Q

What do all objects continually emit and absorb?

A

Infra-red radiation.

40
Q

What is the best infra-red-absorbing surface?

A

Black Matt.

41
Q

What is the worst infra-red-absorbing surface?

A

Shiny White.

42
Q

LESLIE CUBE

A
43
Q

What is a perfect black body?

A

An object that absorbs all radiation. No radiation is reflected or transmitted.
It is the best possible emitter of radiation.

44
Q

What affects the intensity and distribution of infrared wavelength emissions?

A

The temperature of the object.

45
Q

What is intensity?

A

The power per unit area.

46
Q

What is different between an increase in intensity in short and long wavelengths?

A

In short wavelengths, the intensity increases more rapidly causing the peak wavelength to decrease.

47
Q

What materials does sound travel fastest in?

A

Solid due to closely packed particles

48
Q

What is the human hearing range?

A

20Hz-20,000Hz

49
Q

What is the function of the cochlea?

A

Turns the vibrations in the ossicles (tiny ear bones) to electrical signals.

50
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Sound with frequencies higher than 20,000Hz

51
Q

How do we use ultrasound?

A

Industrial imaging and medical imaging.

52
Q

Why do we use ultrasound?

A

When it passes between 2 different media, some of the wave is reflected.
E.g. Ultrasound passes through the fluid of the womb but partially reflects off of the foetus.

53
Q

Which type of wave can travel through the Earth’s core?

A

P waves

54
Q

What are P and S waves?

A

Seismic waves.

55
Q

What are the characteristics of a P wave?

A
  • Longitudinal.
  • Travels through solid and liquids.
  • Faster than S waves.
56
Q

What are the characteristics of S waves?

A
  • Transverse.
  • Can’t travel through liquids or gases.
  • Slower than P waves.
57
Q

Why are P and S waves seen to curve inside the Earth?

A

As they cross a boundary between materials (E.g solid mantle liquid outer core) they are refracted causing a curve or kink in the path.
As waves slow down inside Earth they also curve slowly.

Physics (5 decks)

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