Topic 5.2.1/5.2.2 Respiration

Question 1

What is the stricture of ATP?

Answer 1

A nitrogenous base (Adenine), A pentose sugar (Ribose), 3 phosphate groups

Question 2

Why is ATP described as the Universal Energy Currency?

Answer 2

• it is found in all living organisms
• ATP can hydrolysed to ADP and Pi, releasing 30.6kJ mol-1 of energy

Question 3

Why is ATP a good source of energy?

Answer 3

• it is released immediately
• it is released in small manageable amounts to prevent cell damage

Question 4

What enzyme catalyses the condensation and hydrolysis reactions to build up and break down ATP?

Answer 4

ATP Synthase

Question 5

State three similarities between ATP and DNA.

Answer 5

• both contain a nitrogenous base
• both contain phosphate group
• both have a pentose sugar

Question 6

State three differences between ATP and DNA.

Answer 6

• Only one phosphate per DNA nucleotide, three phosphate groups in ATP
• ATP contains a ribose sugar, DNA contains a deoxyribose sugar
• ATP is a monomer, DNA is a polymer

Question 7

What is the definition of respiration?

Answer 7

Respiration is the process whereby the energy stored in complex organic molecules is used to make ATP

Question 7

What is the definition of respiration?

Answer 7

Respiration is the process whereby the energy stored in complex organic molecules is used to make ATP

Question 8

What is the process whereby ATP is synthesised called?

Answer 8

Chemiosmosis

Question 9

What happens in the electron transport chain?

Answer 9

High energy electrons are passed along electron carriers (proteins). As they move along they release energy that is used to attach PI to ADP to make ATP.

Question 10

What is ATP Synthases involvement in the production of ATP?

Answer 10

The only way that protons can move back into the membrane (down the conc. gradient) is through hydrophilic membrane channels attached to the enzyme ATP synthase. The head of the ATP synthase spins, generating ATP

Question 11

What are the four stages of aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

• Glycolysis
• Link Reaction
• Kreb’s Cycle
• Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 12

Where in the mitochondria does glycolysis occur?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

Where in the mitochondria does the link reaction and the Kreb’s Cycle occur?

Answer 13

Matrix (jelly)

Question 14

Where in the mitochondria does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 14

Folded inner membrane (cristae)

Question 15

What is a coenzyme?

Answer 15

An organic non-protein molecule that binds temporarily to an enzyme’s active site, takes part in the reaction and is regenerated at the end.