Topic 5 Secularisation Debate Flashcards

1
Q

Define Secularisation

A

-Decline in religion
-Process whereby religious beliefs lose social significance

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2
Q

What are the possible ways to measure secularisation?

A

-Popularity - Religious Participation
-Plausibility - Religious Belief
-Power -Disengagement

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3
Q

Evidence for secularisation to be happening (Popularity)

A

-church attendance
1851 census showed 40% of the population attended
2005 it dropped 6.3%
religion has symbolic meaning
attendance for ceremonies such as baptism have fallen
2005 church marriages dropped down 33%

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4
Q

A03 for Popularity

A

religion is a private experience and cannot be scientifically measured

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5
Q

Evidence for secularisation Happening (Plausibility)

A

-over 60 years more people claim they have -religious beliefs than actually going to church
church attendance and religious beliefs are declining
-100 national surverys shows decline in belief and traditional teachings

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6
Q

A03 for Plausibility

A

Christocentric - Those decended from white christians are less religious compared to EMs that remain in strong belief

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7
Q

Evidence why secularisation is happening (power)

A

-Wilson argues church is no long involved in important areas such as politics
-politicians dont need the approval of religious leaders
-Bruce argues churches have reduced status

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8
Q

A03 Power

A

-Religion is still a major provider of education
- Increase in Faith schools

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9
Q

Explanations FOR why secularisation happened

A
  • Rationalisation
    -Structural Differentiation
  • social and cultural diversity
  • religious Diversity
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10
Q

Define Rationalisation

A

Process where logical ways of thinking have replaced religious ones

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11
Q

What was the protestant Reformation

A

Religious worldview has been replaced with the modern scientific view

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12
Q

Which sociologist found Disenchantment

A

Weber

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13
Q

Define disenchantment

A

Magical element of religion disappeared and people have stopped believing in magical figures like angels

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14
Q

Which sociologist stated science and technology have replaced religious explanations for why things happen?

A

Bruce

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15
Q

A03 for Rationalisation

A

Religious explanations are used in places where science is less developed

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16
Q

Which sociologist found Structural Differentiation

17
Q

Define Structural Differentiation

A

Process of specialisation that occurs with the development of industrial society

18
Q

According to Parsons what does structural differentiation lead to…

A

Disengagement of religion from society

example: Church has lost the influence it once has on education

19
Q

Bruce Agrees that religion has become _____ from wider society and has lost its ______ functions

A

Religion has become separated from wider society and has lost many of its former functions

20
Q

What functions does religion continue to perform

A

Education or social welfare

21
Q

Social and cultural Diversity

A

Diversity of cultures and lifestyles undermines religion

22
Q

Who argues that In pre-industrialised society, local communities shared religious rituals and shared their values

23
Q

What did Wilson argue in Social and cultural diversity

A

In a pre industrialised society, local communities shared their values and religious rituals

Industrialisation destroyed these communities and destroyed the base of religion

24
Q

What does Bruce see Industrialisation is doing?
(Social and cultural Diversity)

A

Industrialisation is creating large urban areas with diverse beliefs and lifestyles

25
what is the rise of individualism leading to?
A decline in community based religious beliefs and practise
26
Explainations AGAINST secularisation
-Cultural defence and Transition -Fundementalism - Religious Market Theory - Existential Security Theory
27
Define Cultural Defence
Religion helps some ethnic minority groups preserve a unique sense of cultural identity in the face of an unwelcoming and hostile mainstream culture
28
Define Cultural Transition
Religion provides support and a sense of community for ethnic groups such as migrants to a different country and culture
29
Who identified the two counter trends that go against the secularisation theory
Bruce
30
What are the two counter trends that go against the secularisation theory
Cultural Defence Cultural Transition
31
A03 for cultural Defence and transition
Bruce argues that religion survives because its a focus for group identity
32
What did almond et al identify about the growth of fundamentalism
Found that conservative religious groups have grown massively in the recent years
33
How does Fundamentalism go against the ideas of secularisation
Increase in numbers of people who are traditionally religious showing that religion is not declining
34
A03 for fundamentalism
Bruce Questions the significance of the growth of the New Christian Right
35
Who argued against the idea that secularisation is ethnocentric
Stark and Bainbridge
36
What is the Religious Market Theory
Religion meets the universal needs and religion remains constant as there are different types of religions
37
According to Stark and Bainbridge what do churches Operate like
Operate like companies selling goods in a market
38
what is spiritual shopping
religion is individualised consumerism replaced collective tradition choice as consumerism of religion
39
Cultural amnesia
parents are no longer teaching their children about religion