Topic 5 - sampling + sampling methods Flashcards
Sample frame?
A sample frame is a list of all members of the target population, such as a school register or electoral list, from which participants are selected by name for research.
Random sampling?
Random sampling, or simple random sampling, gives every member of the target population an equal chance of being selected, like a lottery. However, it may not always be representative, such as in cases where gender is unevenly represented.
Stratified sample?
Stratified sampling ensures representation by dividing the target population into subgroups (e.g., males and females) and sampling each group proportionally. A sample frame is used, including relevant information about the population’s characteristics.
Quota sampling?
Quota sampling is similar to stratified sampling but doesn’t require a sample frame. The researcher determines the number of people needed from each group and approaches individuals with specific characteristics, like age or gender. This method is often used in market research.
Systematic sampling?
Systematic sampling involves selecting participants using a set pattern, such as every 10th name on a list or every 5th house on a street. While not purely random, it is considered fair.
Volunteer sampling?
Snowball sampling is used for hard-to-reach groups. A gatekeeper introduces the researcher to one participant, who then refers others, creating a growing sample. It’s useful for groups that wish to remain private, but it’s not random and may not be representative.
Purposive sampling?
Purposive sampling involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics relevant to the study. It’s useful when time is limited or no sampling frame exists, but it is not representative.
Oppurtinity sampling
Opportunity sampling (or convenience sampling) involves selecting participants who are readily available and willing to participate. It is commonly used by students due to time and resource constraints.
