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OCR A level chemistry > Topic 5- Physical chemistry and Transition elements > Flashcards

Topic 5- Physical chemistry and Transition elements Flashcards

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1
Q

reaction rate

A

change in quantities of reactants or products over time

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2
Q

zero order

A

concentration of reactant has no effect on rate

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3
Q

first order

A

rate depends on its concentration raised to the power of 1

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4
Q

second order

A

rate depends on its concentration raised to the power of 2

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5
Q

overall order

A

sum of orders with respect to each reactant

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6
Q

zero order concentration-time graph

A

straight line with a negative gradient

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7
Q

first order concentration-time graph

A

downwards curve with a decreasing gradient over time

constant half life

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8
Q

half life

A

time taken for half of a reactant to be used up

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9
Q

zero order rate-concentration graph

A

horizontal straight line with a gradient of 0

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10
Q

first order rate-concentration graph

A

straight line through the origin

rate and concentration directly proportional

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11
Q

second order rate-concentration graph

A

upward curve with increasing gradient

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12
Q

initial rate

A

instantaneous rate at the start of a reaction when the time=0

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13
Q

reaction mechanism

A

series of steps that make up an overall reaction

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14
Q

rate determining step

A

slowest step in the sequence

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15
Q

arrhenius equation

A

exponential relationship between rate constant and temperature

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16
Q

exponential factor

A

proportion of molecules that exceed Ea and have sufficient energy for the reaction to take place

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17
Q

homogenous equilibrium

A

equilibrium species that all have the same state or phase

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18
Q

heterogenous equilibrium

A

equilibrium species that have different states or phases

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19
Q

mole fraction

A

proportion by volume to the total volume of gases in a gas mixture

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20
Q

partial pressure

A

mole fraction x total pressure

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21
Q

effect on Kc when temperature increases

A

if forward reaction is exothermic the equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction meaning the value of Kc will decrease

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22
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid

A

proton donor

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23
Q

Bronsted-Lowry base

A

proton acceptor

24
Q

conjugate acid-base pair

A

two species that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton

25
Q

monobasic acid

A

an acid that contains only one hydrogen ion, which can be donated to a base

26
Q

dibasic acid

A

an acid containing two hydrogen ions that can be donated to a base

27
Q

tribasic acid

A

an acid containing 3 hydrogen ions that can be donated to a base

28
Q

pH

A

numerical scale for measuring H+ ion concentration

29
Q

stronger acid, larger…

A

Ka

30
Q

stronger acid, smaller…

A

pKa

31
Q

Kw

A

ionic product of water- ions in water multiplied together

32
Q

buffer solution

A

system that minimises pH change when small amounts of acid or base is added

33
Q

equilibrium shift when alkali added to a buffer

A

shifts right
H+ reacts with hydroxide ions
HA dissociates to restore H+ lost

34
Q

equivalence point

A

volume of one solution that exactly reacts with the volume of the other solution

35
Q

indicator is also a…

A

weak acid

36
Q

lattice enthalpy

A

the enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of an ionic compound from its gaseous ions under standard conditions

37
Q

standard enthalpy change of atomisation

A

the enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of gaseous atoms forms from the element in its standard state

38
Q

first electron affinity

A

the enthalpy change that takes place when one electron is added to each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1- ions

39
Q

second electron affinities are…

A

endothermic

40
Q

standard enthalpy change of solution

A

the enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is completely dissolved in water under standard conditions

41
Q

enthalpy change of hydration

A

the enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of isolated gaseous ions s dissolved in water forming one mole of aqueous ions under standard conditions

42
Q

entropy

A

dispersal of energy and disorder within the chemicals making up a chemical system

43
Q

feasibility

A

whether a reaction is able to happen

44
Q

free energy change

A

overall change in energy

45
Q

for a reaction to be feasible, delta G must be…

A

less than 0

46
Q

metal/ metal ion half cell

A

metal rod dipped into a solution of aqueous metal ions

47
Q

ion/ion half cells

A

same element in different oxidation sates with a platinum electrode

48
Q

standard electrode potential

A

the e.m.f of a half cell compared with a standard hydrogen half cell, in standard conditions

49
Q

salt bridge

A

allows ions to flow between solutions

50
Q

d block element

A

an element with its highest energy electron in a d subshell

51
Q

transition element

A

a d block element that forms an ion with a partially filled d subshell

52
Q

complex ions

A

a transition metal ion bonded to ligands through dative covalent bonds

53
Q

ligands

A

molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion to form a dative covalent bond

54
Q

monodentate ligands

A

a ligand that is able to donate one pair of electrons to a central metal ion

55
Q

bidentate ligands

A

ligand that can donate two pairs of electrons to the central metal ion forming two dative covalent bonds

56
Q

ligand substitution

A

one ligand in a complex ion replaced with another ligand

OCR A level chemistry (6 decks)

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