Topic 5-measures Of Development

Question 0

Human development index (HDI)

Answer 0

Index based on 3 indicators of development. These include longevity, educational attainment and gdp per capita in PPP terms
Measurements are then combined to produce a composite index rating between 0-1 with higher values reflecting higher human development index

Question 1

Advantages of HDI

Answer 1

• considers more than GDP so more accurate
• index makes it easier to make comparison
• data can be used to measure living standards

Question 2

Data that could be used to measure living standard and development

Answer 2

• energy consumption
• calorie intake
• patients per doctor
• infant mortality rate
• adult literacy rate
• %of the population below the international poverty line

Question 3

Disadvantages of HDI

Answer 3

• does not give a strong indication of how living standards might change in the future
• HDI is not clear on on poverty lines and how difficult life might be for some people
• less economically developed countries do not have the figures readily available

Question 4

Evaluation of other measurements

-energy consumption

Answer 4

• leads to more pollution damaging the future health+ future generation
• all measurements have to be balanced together not used on their own
• expected to make comparisons between ween data for different countries

Question 5

LEDCs

Answer 5

Sub-Saharan africa
Latin America
South Asia
Southeast Asia

Question 6

Disadvantages of GDP/GNI

Social indicators

Answer 6

Standard of living is difficult to measure with GDP because it could be argued that the quality of lives depends on more than one thing

Question 7

Disadvantages of GDP/GNI

Informal sectio and accuracy of data

Answer 7

-developing countries come under the category of the informal sector where a lot of economic activity takes place without an exchange of money (unrecorded transactions)

Question 8

Disadvantages of GNI per capita

-inequalities of income distribution

Answer 8

• looking at the average income is very could be misleading if there is a wide difference in the way in which income is distributed within country
• income may be more unequally distributed within one country

Question 9

GNI

GNI per capita

Answer 9

GDP plus net income from abroad
That average level of GNI Per person e.g. in the developing countries it is common for nationals abroad to remit part of their income back to their families abroad