Topic 5 - Kinetic Theory and Gases Flashcards
describe a solid in terms of kinetic theory
strong forces of attraction hold the particles close together in a fixed regular arrangement. the particles don’t have much energy so they can only vibrate about their fixed positions
describe a liquid in terms of kinetic theory
weaker forces of attraction between particles, particles are close together but can move past each other and form regular arrangements. They have more energy than particles in a solid so they move in random directions at low speeds
describe a gas in terms of kinetic theory
almost no forces of attraction. more energy than liquids and solids. free to move and travel in random directions at high speeds
What does kinetic theory state about gases
consist of very small particles are constantly moving and colliding with each other and with the walls of their container, when they collide they bounce off each other or the walls. The particles hardly take up any space, most of the gas is empty space.
What temperature is absolute zero
-273*C or 0K
What is absolute zero
the coldest temperature anything can ever get. This is when the particles have basically no energy so are basically not moving
How do you convert from celsius to kelvin
K = C + 273
what is the relationship between kelvin temp and kinetic energy
the kelvin temp of a gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles
What does kinetic theory say about pressure
when particles collide they exert a force on it. In a sealed container gas particles smash against the walls creating an outward pressure. This pressure depends on how fast the particles are going and how often they hit the wall.
what is the relationship between volume and temp of a gas
directly proportional
what is the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas
indirectly proportional
how do you use the gas law formulas
do a before and after of the temp, volume, and pressure
What practicals can you do to investigate volume and temp at constant pressure
half fill gas syringe with air and seal with rubber bung. Use bunsen burner to heat the air in syringe.
As it heats up the gas will expand pushing the plunger outwards
since the syringe plunger is free to move the pressure stays the same
what practical can you do to investigate pressure and volume at constant temp
attach gas syringe half filled with air to pressure sensor
if you push the plunger in you compress the gas and reduce the volume
this increases gas pressure (more collisions happen between the particles and the walls)
What is atmospheric pressure
1
