Topic 5: Introduction to organic chemistry and Alkanes Flashcards
Homologous series
A series of molecules which show a gradual trend in physical properties, can be represented by the same general formula and have the same functional group.
Structural isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Order of fractions (Top to bottom)
Refinery gases-Petrol-Kerosine-Diesel-Fuel oil-Bitumen
Conditions for thermal cracking
900°C
70 atm
No catalyst
Alkenes produced
Conditions for catalytic cracking
300°C
1-2 atm
Zeolites
Motor fuels, aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclic alkanes produced
Why is there a demand for short cracking?
- Short supply of short chain hydrocarbons
2. Short chain alkanes are in higher demant as they are more valuble as fuels
Greenhouse gases and their effects
CO2- A greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming
H2O- Greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming
CO- poisonous gas which limits the bloods capacity to carry oxygen
C-It is an irritant for athsmatics and it causes cancer
Catalytic converters properties
Honeycomb shape maximises surface area
Platinum and Rhodium catalysts
Catalytic converter equation
2CO + 2NO –> N2 + 2CO2
Flue gas desulfurisation condtions
Flurry of Calcium oxide or calcium carbonate onto the sulfur dioxide
Flue gas desulfurisation equations
CaO + 2H2O + SO2 + –> CaSO3 + 2H2O
CaCO3 + 0.5O2 + SO2 –> CaSO4 + CO2
Initiation in chlorination of alkanes
Cl-Cl —(UV light)—–> 2Cl*
Propagation in chlorination of alkanes
Cl* + CH4 –> HCl + *CH3
CH3 + Cl2 –> CH3Cl + Cl
Termination in chlorination of Alkanes
Cl* + Cl* –> Cl2
*CH3 + *CH3 –> C2H6
Cl * + *CH3 –> CH3Cl
Termination in chlorination of Alkanes
Cl* + Cl* –> Cl2
*CH3 + *CH3 –> C2H6
Cl * + *CH3 –> CH3Cl
