Topic 5:Homeostatis and response Flashcards
Abstinence
Deliberately refraining from having sexual intercourse.
Accommodation
The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant
objects.
Adrenaline
A hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands in response
to fear or stress which increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of
blood to the brain and muscles as a part of the ‘fight or flight’ response.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Contraception
Methods used to prevent pregnancy.
Coordination centres
Areas of the body like the brain, spinal cord and pancreas that receive and process information from receptors.
Deamination
A process occurring in the liver that removes the amino
group from an amino acid to produce ammonia.
Dialysis
A method of treating kidney failure or disease where the blood is artificially filtered to remove waste and toxins
Effectors
Muscles or glands which bring about responses which restore optimum levels
Ethene
A type of plant hormone which controls cell division and the ripening of
fruits
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
A female reproductive hormone that causes
the maturation of an egg in the ovary.
Geotropism/Gravitropism
A plant’s directional growth response to gravity
Gibberellins
A type of plant hormone which initiates seed germination.
Gland
A group of cells that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream
Glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.
Homeostasis
The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes
Hyperopia
A defect of the eye where nearby objects appear out of focus (also called long
sightedness).
In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
Fertilising a woman’s egg using sperm outside of
the body.
Luteinising hormone (LH)
A female reproductive hormone that stimulates the
release of an egg.
Myopia
A defect of the eye where distant objects appear out of focus (also called short
sightedness).
Negative feedback cycle
A regulatory mechanism that reverses a change.
Oestrogen
The main female reproductive hormone which causes the uterus lining to grow and repair
Phototropism
A plant’s directional growth response to light
Receptors
Organs or cells that detect stimuli.
Reflex action
A rapid and automatic response to a stimulus.
Selective reabsorption
Reabsorbing certain useful molecules (like glucose,
some ions and water) back into the blood after they have been filtered out.
Stimuli
Changes in the environment
Target organ
The organ which a hormone acts on to produce an effect.
Testosterone: The main male reproductive hormone produced by the test
*The brain
An organ made of billions of interconnected neurones which controls complex
behaviour and has different regions that carry out different functions.
The central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord which coordinate the
response of effectors.
The eye
A sense organ containing receptors sensitive to light intensity and colour.
Thermoregulatory centre
An area of the hypothalamus in the brain which contains blood
temperature receptors and regulates body temperature.
Thyroxine
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases the
metabolic rate in the body
Type 1 diabetes
A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient
insulin which is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels.
Type 2 diabetes
A disorder where the body cells no longer respond to insulin
produced by the pancreas
*Vasoconstriction
The constriction of blood vessels
Vasodilation
The dilation of blood vessels.
