topic 5(Homeostasis)

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The regulation of the conditions inside your body to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes

Question 2

Examples of automatic control systems

Answer 2

central nervous systems and hormonal communication systems/

Question 3

components of automatic control systems

Answer 3

effector , coordination centre and receptors

Question 4

function of components of automatic control systems

Answer 4

effector- produces a response which counteracts the change from the stimuli
coordination centre- recieves and processes information
receptor- detects a stimulus

Question 5

stimulus

Answer 5

a change either internally or externally in the body

Question 6

central nervous system

Answer 6

brain and spinal chord.
connected to the body by sensory and motor neurons

Question 7

sensory neurons

Answer 7

carry information as electrical impulses from the receptors to the CNS

Question 8

Motor neurons

Answer 8

carry electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors

Question 9

effectors

Answer 9

Muscles and glands that respond to nervous impulses

Question 10

Synapses

Answer 10

connection between two neurons
nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap

Question 11

reflexes

Answer 11

rapid, automatic, unconscious responses that can reduce the chances of being injured

Question 12

reflex arc

Answer 12

1. stimuli(Bee sting)
2. receptors take notice and action
   3.impulses travel along a sensory neurone
3. impulses then passed along a relay neurone, via synapse,to the nervous system
   5.impulses travel along a motor neurone, via a synapse
4. effectors notified and contracts muscle

Question 13

required practical

Answer 13

drop a ruler before and after drinking a coffee to show the effects of caffeine

Question 14

hormones

Answer 14

Chemical molecules released into the blood
produced and secreted by various glands, called endocrine glands. These glands make up your endocrine system.
Tend to have long-lasting effects.

Question 15

Examples of glands

Answer 15

Pituitary gland- many hormones that regulate body conditions
Thyroid- thyroxine , which is involved in rate of metabolism , heart rate and temperature.
Adrenal gland- adrenaline, used in the ‘fight or flight’ response
pancreas- produces insulin, which is used to regulate blood glucose levels
ovaries(female) -produces oestrogen, which is involved in the menstrual cycle
testicles(male)-produces testosterone, which controls puberty and sperm production

Question 16

Glucose

Answer 16

eating carbohydrates puts glucose into the blood from the gut.
vigorous exercise removes much more glucose from the blood.
Excess can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Monitored by the pancreas, which uses insulin and glucagon

Question 17

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 17

where someone becomes resistant to their own insulin
Also can cause someone’s blood sugar level to rise and reach a dangerous level.
Being overweight can increase the chances of developing type two diabetes
controlled by eating a carbohydrate-controlled diet and getting regular exercise

Question 17

Puberty

Answer 17

releases sex hormones that trigger off secondary sexual characteristics
examples include facial hair and breasts

Question 17

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 17

condition that effects ability to control blood sugar level
where the pancreas produces little to no insulin, which mean sugar level could rise to a level where it could kill.
cured by injections which removes glucose once food is digested.
the amount depends on somebody’s diet and amount of exercise

Question 18

Menstrual cycle female

Answer 18

1. uterus lining breaks down for around 4 days
2. uterus lining builds up again, from day 4-14, into a thick, spongy layer full of blood vessels, ready to receive a fertilized egg
3. an egg is developed and is released, also known as ovulation.
4. the wall is then maintained for around 14 days. if no fertilized egg has landed on the uterus wall by the end. the spongy lining starts to break down and the process starts again.

Question 18

FSH(Follicle-stimulating hormone)

Answer 18

produced by the pituitary gland
causes a egg to mature in one of the ovaries, in a structure called a follicle
stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 19

oestrogen

Answer 19

produced by the pituitary gland
stimulates the release of a egg
can be used to prevent the release of a egg.
Used as a contraception

Question 20

progesterone

Answer 20

produced in the ovaries by the remains of the follicle after ovulation
Used as a contraception by creating a thick mucus.

Question 21

forms of contraception

Answer 21

condoms
sterilization-cutting the fallopian tubes