Topic 5 Health And Disease

Question 1

What is pathogen of cholera

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

How is cholera transmitted

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

Symptoms of cholera

Answer 3

Severe diarrhea

Question 4

Treatment of cholera

Answer 4

Drink and use safe water
Vaccine available

Question 5

Tuberculosis pathogen type

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

How is tuberculosis transmitted

Answer 6

Airborne

Question 7

Symptoms of tuberculosis

Answer 7

Mainly affects lungs so coughing

Question 8

How to prevent tuberculosis

Answer 8

Antibiotics
Vaccines

Question 9

Malaria pathogen type

Answer 9

Animal vectors (bites from mosquitos etc)

Question 10

Symptoms of malaria

Answer 10

Fever
Headaches

Question 11

Treatment of malaria

Answer 11

Avoid bites
Anti malaria tablets

Question 12

HIV type of pathogen

Answer 12

Virus

Question 13

How is HIV transmitted

Answer 13

Sexual bodily fluid and blood.

Question 14

Treatment of HIV

Answer 14

No cure for HIV
Use a condom

Question 15

Chlamydia type of pathogen

Answer 15

Bacteria

Question 16

How is chlamydia transmitted

Answer 16

Sexual bodily fluids

Question 17

Symptoms of chlamydia

Answer 17

Pain when urinating
Unusual discharge

Question 18

Treatment of chlamydia

Answer 18

Antibiotics
Barrier contraception

Question 19

Ebola pathogen type

Answer 19

Virus

Question 20

How is Ebola transmitted

Answer 20

Bodily fluids: semen and blood

Question 21

Symptoms of ebola

Answer 21

Fever and severe bleeding

Question 22

Treatment of ebola

Answer 22

No treatment

Question 23

Stomach ulcers pathogen type

Answer 23

Bacteria

Question 24

Symptoms of stomach ulcers

Answer 24

Stomach pain nausea and vomiting

Question 25

How is stomach ulcer transmitted

Answer 25

Oral transmission e.g. swallowing contaminated water

Question 26

Stomach ulcer treatment

Answer 26

Clean water and hygienic living conditions

Question 27

what HIV do

Answer 27

kills white blood cells
deteriorates immune system
vulnerable to other pathogens

Question 28

what is herd immunity

Answer 28

even people who aren’t immunised are unlikely to catch a disease as large percentage of population is immunised

Question 29

what are monoclonal antibodies

Answer 29

produced from lots of clones of a specific lymphocyte

means antibodies are identical and will target only one specific protein antigen

however lymphocytes don’t divide easy

Question 30

how to produce monoclonal antibodies

Answer 30

fuse a tumour cell and lymphocyte cell to create a cell called hybridoma

Question 31

what is a hybridoma do

Answer 31

cloned to get lots of identical cells
divide quickly to produce same antibodies (monoclonal antibodies) that are collected and purified

Question 32

advantages of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 32

only bind to specific cells, healthy cells not affected
can treat many different conditions

Question 33

disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 33

expensive

difficult to attach monoclonal antibodies to drugs

found from mice lymphocytes, often trigger an immune response when used in humans

Question 34

investigate of substances on bacterial growth

Answer 34

put an even coating of bacteria on an agar plate

place paper discs soaked in different types of antibiotics on an agar plate

leave space between them

antibiotics should diffuse into the agar jelly

bacteria unaffected will continue to grow around paper discs but non resistant ones will die

a clear area will be left where bacteria died

you can put a disc with no antibiotics to show that the clear area has been caused from the antibiotics alone

Question 35

aseptic techniques used in antibiotics practical

Answer 35

sterilise petri dishes by putting them in an autoclave - high pressure and temp to kill microorganisms

inoculating lool should be sterilised by passing it through a hot flame

petri dish should have a lid to prevent other microbes getting in

store petri dish upside down to stop drops of condensation falling onto agar